©Themoon EXAM SOLUTIONS
25/11/2024 13:32PM
BIOC 3021 Lecture 1 Reviewed Solutions
What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic
compounds? - Answers✓✓Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in
living organisms? - Answers✓✓Covalent bonds share electrons between the two atoms. They
are the strongest type of bond and are relatively permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of
atoms are involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? - Answers✓✓In nonpolar covalent
bonds the electrons are shared evenly between the atoms. In polar covalent bonds they are
shared unequally. Polar covalent bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic substances in
the aqueous environment of living organisms? - Answers✓✓In biological systems the most
common ionic elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl, Ca. They can also include charged organic
functional groups like carboxyl and amino. In aqueous solution these bonds tend to be transient
because water stabilizes hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen bonding? What is
the importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? - Answers✓✓Hydrogen bonds occur
between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or
nitrogen. Alpha-helix and beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and
base pair matching in DNA and RNA all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen bonds.
25/11/2024 13:32PM
BIOC 3021 Lecture 1 Reviewed Solutions
What are the six most common elements present as covalent components of bioorganic
compounds? - Answers✓✓Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus
What are covalent bonds, and how strong and permanent are they relative to other bonds in
living organisms? - Answers✓✓Covalent bonds share electrons between the two atoms. They
are the strongest type of bond and are relatively permanent in living organisms.
What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds? What combinations of
atoms are involved in these two kinds of covalent bonds? - Answers✓✓In nonpolar covalent
bonds the electrons are shared evenly between the atoms. In polar covalent bonds they are
shared unequally. Polar covalent bonds occur between atoms with unequal electronegativities.
What are common ionic elements in biological systems? What happens to ionic substances in
the aqueous environment of living organisms? - Answers✓✓In biological systems the most
common ionic elements are minerals like Na, K, Cl, Ca. They can also include charged organic
functional groups like carboxyl and amino. In aqueous solution these bonds tend to be transient
because water stabilizes hydrate ions.
What are hydrogen bonds? What organic structures are involved in hydrogen bonding? What is
the importance of hydrogen bonding in living organisms? - Answers✓✓Hydrogen bonds occur
between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom, normally oxygen or
nitrogen. Alpha-helix and beta-sheet structures in proteins, enzyme-substrate complexes, and
base pair matching in DNA and RNA all occur due to the collective power of hydrogen bonds.
