NR 507 Advanced Patho Midterm Study Guide Questions & Answers

Infectivity - ANSWERSThe ability of a pathogen to invade and multiply in the host. Anemia - ANSWERSMost common blood disorder in children Hemolytic Anemia's of Newborns - ANSWERSAre Inherited, Congenital, or Both Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) - ANSWERSAlso called Erythroblastosis fetalis HDN - ANSWERSAlloimmune disorder in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible causing the mother's immune system to produce antibodies against fetal erythrocytes. Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWERSmost common blood disorder of infancy and childhood with highest incidence between 6 months and 2 years old Inactive MLH1 and Inherited Colon Cancer - ANSWERSA major cause of one form of inherited colon cancer (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer [HNPCC]) is the methylation of the promoter region of a gene, MLH1, whose protein product repairs damaged DNA. When MLH1 becomes inactive, damaged DNA accumulates, eventually resulting in colon tumors. Conditions where inflammation is etiology of Cancer - ANSWERSINFLAMMATORY CONDITION ASSOCIATED NEOPLASM(S) Asbestosis, silicosis-Mesothelioma, lung carcinoma Bronchitis-Lung carcinoma Cystitis, bladder inflammation-Bladder carcinoma Gingivitis, lichen planus-Oral squamous cell carcinoma Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, chronic ulcerative colitis-Colorectal carcinoma Lichen sclerosus-Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma Chronic pancreatitis, hereditary pancreatitis-Pancreatic carcinoma Reflux esophagitis, Barrett esophagus-Esophageal carcinoma Sialadenitis-Salivary gland carcinoma Sjögren syndrome, Hashimoto thyroiditis-MALT lymphoma Skin inflammation-Melanoma Chronic inflammation predisposes one to ______________. - ANSWERSCancer Organs susceptible to Oncogenic effects of chronic inflammation - ANSWERSthe gastrointestinal (GI) tract, prostate, thyroid gland, pancreas, urinary bladder, pleura, and skin. Factors that contribute to development of cancer - ANSWERS•Lifestyle choices, such as nutritional intake, smoking, or alcohol use •Environmental conditions, including exposure to sunlight, natural and medical radiation, workplace exposures, and involuntary or unknown exposures •Lack of physical exercise and overweight/obesity •Sexual practices •Prescribed and illicit medications •Socioeconomic factors that affect exposures and susceptibility •Carcinogenic substances present in air, water, and soil What is leading cause of cancer? - ANSWERSCigarette smoking Most Effective HIV Treatment - ANSWERSAnti-retroviral therapy - a combination of drugs Combination of therapy includes at least 3 drugs, #2 NRTI's (nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors) and #1 drug from another class. Defected cells of HIV - ANSWERSThe primary surface receptor on HIV is the envelope glycoprotein gp120, which binds to the CD4 molecule found mostly on the surface of T-helper cells. The major immunologic finding in AIDS is the striking decrease in the number of CD4 Th cells Prader-Willi Syndrome - ANSWERSa rare genetic disorder caused by gene deletions on paternal chromosome 15 that result in short stature, hypotonia, small hands and feet, obesity, mild to moderate mental retardation, and hypogonadism. Angelman Syndrome (happy puppet syndrome) - ANSWERSan inherited syndrome of jerky puppetlike movements, frequent laughter, mental and motor retardation, peculiar open-mouthed facies, and seizures. Compare/Contrast Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes - ANSWERSIn addition to the definitions provided Both arise from a defect in the same location on Chromosome 15. If deletion occurs in the chromosome inherited from the father then Prader-Willi will occur If deletion occurs in the chromosome inherited from the mother then Angelman syndrome will occur