the great bulk of lipids in organisms are... - ANSWER triglycerides or tri
glycerols
the general structure of fatty acid - ANSWER carbon chain + carboxyl group
on end
source of triglycerides - ANSWER the diet, de novo biosynthesis in the liver,
and storage deposits in adipocytes
Bile salts - ANSWER - cholesterol derivative
- detergent substances synthesized by the liver
- stored in gallbladder
- essential for the digestion of lipids and their absorption through the intestinal
mucosa
cholic acid - ANSWER primary bile acid (bile salt)
bile salts association with triacylglycerol - ANSWER hydrophobic side of bile
salt associates with triacylglycerol and forms a micelle.
Lipoproteins - ANSWER noncovalent lipid-protein complexes that allow
movement of lipids through aqueous environments such as blood and lymph
free lipids are - ANSWER undetectable in the blood
Apolipoproteins - ANSWER the protein components of lipoproteins
four major classes of lipoproteins - ANSWER chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL,
HDL
the higher the lipid content... - ANSWER the lower the density
, the higher the protein content... - ANSWER the higher the density
chylomicrons - ANSWER transport dietary fat from the intestine to peripheral
tissues
VLDLs - ANSWER comparable role for triacylglycerols synthesized in the
liver
LDLs - ANSWER play a major role in transporting cholesterol to tissues
HDLs - ANSWER play a major role in returning excess cholesterol from
tissues to the liver for metabolism or excretion
Components of lipoproteins - ANSWER triacylglycerols, protein,
phospholipids, free cholesterol, and cholesterol bound to fatty acids
synthesis of fatty acids is in the - ANSWER cytoplasm
breakdown of fatty acids is in the - ANSWER mitochondra
fatty acid oxidation pathway - ANSWER - activation of the carboxyl group on
the fatty acid (via ATP)
- transport into the mitochondrial matrix
- stepwise oxidation, 2 carbons at a time
fatty acids in the cytosol arise from - ANSWER 1. de novo biosynthesis
2. hydrolysis of triacylglycerols
3. transport of fatty acids from fat storage cells
oxidation pathway: steps of activation and transport - ANSWER * starting
with a free fatty acid *
1. activation via adenylation
2. transfer to carnitine
3. transport through the mitochondrial membrane
4. reconjugation with CoA
oxidation pathway: steps of beta oxidation - ANSWER * fatty acid is now in
the mitochondrial matrix *
glycerols
the general structure of fatty acid - ANSWER carbon chain + carboxyl group
on end
source of triglycerides - ANSWER the diet, de novo biosynthesis in the liver,
and storage deposits in adipocytes
Bile salts - ANSWER - cholesterol derivative
- detergent substances synthesized by the liver
- stored in gallbladder
- essential for the digestion of lipids and their absorption through the intestinal
mucosa
cholic acid - ANSWER primary bile acid (bile salt)
bile salts association with triacylglycerol - ANSWER hydrophobic side of bile
salt associates with triacylglycerol and forms a micelle.
Lipoproteins - ANSWER noncovalent lipid-protein complexes that allow
movement of lipids through aqueous environments such as blood and lymph
free lipids are - ANSWER undetectable in the blood
Apolipoproteins - ANSWER the protein components of lipoproteins
four major classes of lipoproteins - ANSWER chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL,
HDL
the higher the lipid content... - ANSWER the lower the density
, the higher the protein content... - ANSWER the higher the density
chylomicrons - ANSWER transport dietary fat from the intestine to peripheral
tissues
VLDLs - ANSWER comparable role for triacylglycerols synthesized in the
liver
LDLs - ANSWER play a major role in transporting cholesterol to tissues
HDLs - ANSWER play a major role in returning excess cholesterol from
tissues to the liver for metabolism or excretion
Components of lipoproteins - ANSWER triacylglycerols, protein,
phospholipids, free cholesterol, and cholesterol bound to fatty acids
synthesis of fatty acids is in the - ANSWER cytoplasm
breakdown of fatty acids is in the - ANSWER mitochondra
fatty acid oxidation pathway - ANSWER - activation of the carboxyl group on
the fatty acid (via ATP)
- transport into the mitochondrial matrix
- stepwise oxidation, 2 carbons at a time
fatty acids in the cytosol arise from - ANSWER 1. de novo biosynthesis
2. hydrolysis of triacylglycerols
3. transport of fatty acids from fat storage cells
oxidation pathway: steps of activation and transport - ANSWER * starting
with a free fatty acid *
1. activation via adenylation
2. transfer to carnitine
3. transport through the mitochondrial membrane
4. reconjugation with CoA
oxidation pathway: steps of beta oxidation - ANSWER * fatty acid is now in
the mitochondrial matrix *
