Older Adult Nclex questions

A 70-year-old client asks the nurse to explain to her about hypertension. An appropriate response by the nurse as to why older clients often have hypertension is due to: A. Myocardial muscle damage B. Reduction in physical activity C. Ingestion of foods high in sodium D. Accumulation of plaque on arterial walls - answer-D. Accumulation of plaque on arterial walls A 76-year-old adult female is brought to a neighborhood client after being found wandering around the local park. The client appears disheveled and reports being hungry. Which of the following assessment and interview findings would cause the nurse to suspect elder abuse? (Select all that apply.) A. Falls asleep in the examination room B. Repeatedly states, "Don't hurt me." C. Chafing around wrists and ankles D. Bruises in various stages of healing - answer-B. Repeatedly states, "Don't hurt me." C. Chafing around wrists and ankles D. Bruises in various stages of healing A client has been recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. When teaching the family about the prognosis, the nurse must explain that: A. Diet and exercise can slow the process considerably B. It usually progresses gradually with a deterioration of function C. Many individuals can be cured if the diagnosis is made early D. Few clients live more than 3 years after the diagnosis - answer-B. It usually progresses gradually with a deterioration of function A long-term care facility sponsors a discussion group on the administration of medications. The participants have a number of questions concerning their medications. The nurse responds most appropriately by saying: A. "Don't worry about the medication's name if you can identify it by its color and shape." B. "Unless you have severe side affects, don't worry about the minor changes in the way you feel." C. "Feel free to ask your physician why you are receiving the medications that are prescribed for you." D. "Remember that the hepatic system is primarily responsible for the pharmacotherapeutics of your medications." - answer-C. "Feel free to ask your physician why you are receiving the medications that are prescribed for you." Rationale: The nurse should encourage the older adult to question the physician and/or pharmacist about all prescribed drugs and over-the-counter drugs. The older adult should be taught the names of all drugs being taken, when and how to take them, and the desirable and undesirable effects of the drugs. A nurse caring for older adults in an assistive living facility recognizes that a clients quality of life needs are best determined by: A. Excellent physical, social, and emotional nursing assessments B. A working knowledge of this age-group's developmental needs C. A therapeutic nurse-client relationship that facilitates communication D. The client's need for complete physical, emotional, and cognitive care - answer-C. A therapeutic nurse-client relationship that facilitates communication A nurse is caring for an older adult client preparing for discharge to a nursing center after having hip surgery. Which of the following nursing responses is most therapeutic with a client's concern that she, will never go back home? A. "What makes you think that this transfer to the nursing center will be permanent?" B. "The reason for this transfer is only to support you while you continue to recuperate." C. "The decision to stay in the nursing center is yours to make. When you want to leave no one will stop you." D. "The nursing center is a lovely place with a wonderful staff of caring people. Just give it a chance. You may like it." - answer-A. "What makes you think that this transfer to the nursing center will be permanent?" A patient is taking delayed-release omeprazole (Prilosec) capsules for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which statement will the nurse include in the teaching plan about this medication? A. "Take this medication once a day after breakfast." B. "You will only have to be on this medication for 2 weeks for a life long treatment of the reflux disease." C. "The medication may be dissolved in a liquid for better absorption." D. "The entire capsule should be taken whole, not crushed, chewed, or opened." - answer-D. "The entire capsule should be taken whole, not crushed, chewed, or opened." An assisted living facility has provided its clients with an educational program on safe administration of prescribed medications. Which statement made by an older-adult client reflects the best understanding of safe self-administration of medications? A. "I don't seem to have problems with side effects, but I'll let my doctor know if something happens." B. "I'm lucky since my daughter is really good about keeping up with my medications." C. "I'll be sure to read the inserts and ask the pharmacist if I don't understand something." D. "It shouldn't be too hard to keep it straight since I don't have any really serious health issues." - answer-C. "I'll be sure to read the inserts and ask the pharmacist if I don't understand something." An overall, general assessment of an older adult patient is best performed in which setting? A. During a meal. B. During assessment of vital signs. C. While assisting a patient with a bath. D. When assisting a patient during a walk. - answer-C. While assisting a patient with a bath. In performing a physical assessment for an older adult, the nurse anticipates finding which of the following normal physiological changes of aging? A. Increased perspiration B. Increased airway resistance C. Increased salivary secretions D. Increased pitch discrimination - answer-B. Increased airway resistance Rational: Normal physiological changes of aging include increased airway resistance in the older adult. The older adult would be expected to have decreased perspiration and drier skin as they experience glandular atrophy (oil, moisture, sweat glands) in the integumentary system. The older adult would be expected to have a decrease in saliva. A normal physiological change of the older adult related to hearing is a loss of acuity for high-frequency tones (presbycusis). In reviewing changes in the older adult, the nurse recognizes that which of the following statements related to cognitive functioning in the older client is true? A. Delirium is usually easily distinguished from irreversible dementia. B. Therapeutic drug intoxication is a common cause of senile dementia. C. Reversible systemic disorders are often implicated as a cause of delirium. D. Cognitive deterioration is an inevitable outcome of the human aging process. - answer-C. Reversible systemic disorders are often implicated as a cause of delirium. Rationale: Delirium is a potentially reversible cognitive impairment that is often due to a physiological cause such as an electrolyte imbalance, cerebral anoxia, hypoglycemia, medications, tumors, cerebrovascular infection, or hemorrhage. Of the following options, which is the greatest barrier to providing quality health care to the older-adult client? A. Poor client compliance resulting from generalized diminished capacity B. Inadequate health insurance coverage for the group as a whole C. Insufficient research to provide a basis for effective geriatric health care D. Preconceived assumptions regarding the lifestyles and attitudes of this group - answer-D. Preconceived assumptions regarding the lifestyles and attitudes of this group Of the following, which describes dementia? A. Quick onset, irreversible B. Slow onset, chronic C. Acute onset, reversible D. Progressive, terminal - answer-B. Slow onset, chronic One reason for medication problems in the elderly is that 1. Regular use of laxatives increases absorption of medications 2. Decreased renal function slows excretion of drugs 3. Enhanced sense of taste of medications 4. Increased perception of pain from injections - answer-2. Decreased renal function slows excretion of drugs The leading cause of injury and preventable source of mortality and morbidity in older adults is 1. presbycusis. 2. car accidents. 3. pneumonia. 4. falls. - answer-4. falls. The most common affective or mood disorder of old age is 1. dementia. 2. depression. 3. delirium. 4. Alzheimer's. - answer-2. depression. The nurse defines ageism most accurately as: A. The undervaluing of individuals based on their age. B. Perception of a person's worth based on productivity C. Biases directed towards individuals considered aged D. Discrimination based on an individual's increasing age - answer-D. Discrimination based on an individual's increasing age The nurse is aware that the majority of older adults: A. Live alone B. Live in institutional settings C. Are unable to care for themselves D. Are actively involved in their community - answer-D. Are actively involved in their community The nurse is planning client education for an older adult being prepared for discharge home after hospitalization for a cardiac problem. Which nursing action addresses the most commonly determined need for this age-group? A. Suggest that he purchase an emergency in-home alert system. B. Arrange for the client to receive meals delivered to his home daily. C. Encourage the client to use a compartmentalized pill storage container for his daily medications. D. Provide only written document describing the medications the client is currently prescribed. - answer-Encourage the client to use a compartmentalized pill storage container for his daily medications. The nurse is setting up an education session with an 85-year-old patient who will be going home on anticoagulant therapy. Which strategy would reflect consideration of aging changes that may exist with this patient? A. Show a colorful video about anticoagulation therapy. B. Present all the information in one session just before discharge. C. Give the patient pamphlets about the medications to read at home. D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented. - answer-D. Develop large-print handouts that reflect the verbal information presented. Rationale: Option D addresses altered perception in two ways. First, by using visual aids to reinforce verbal instructions, one addresses the possibility of decreased ability to hear high-frequency sounds. By developing the handouts in large print, one addresses the possibility of decreased visual acuity. Option A does not allow discussion of the information; furthermore, the text and print may be small and difficult to read and understand. The nurse works with elderly clients in a wellness screening clinic on a weekly basis. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is the most therapeutic regarding their mobility?