NUR 280 EXAM 1 questions with
complete solutions
Plasma Membrane
- protects internal organelles
- barrier from external environment
- selectively semipermeable
- glycoproteins (antigen) tells blood type
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- Na+ ions higher concentration outside cell
- K+ ions higher concentration inside cell
- Uses energy to actively transport across cell membrane
- 3Na+ for 2K+
- medications can alter it
Mitochondria
- Cell's energy producer
- Aerobic Metabolism: requires O2
- Cellular hypoxia = anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
- Unique DNA, only in mitochondria
,- Subject to mutation by free radicals; passed mother to child
Ribosomes
- Protein factories
- hypoxia causes decreased protein synthesis
Nucleus
- cell mastermind
- DNA inside
- transcription happens here
DNA
- made up of nucleotides, purine bases, pyrimidine bases
- in replication one strand stays and on goes
RNA
mRNA - instructions of what to do next
rRNA - linking of amino acids
tRNA - follows instructions
, Nucleotide Base Pairs
A with T and C with G
Transcription
- occurs in the nucleus
- DNA helix untwists and separates
- single strand RNA
Translation
- occurs in ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA
Atrophy
less or no use; cells getting smaller
Hypertrophy
complete solutions
Plasma Membrane
- protects internal organelles
- barrier from external environment
- selectively semipermeable
- glycoproteins (antigen) tells blood type
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- Na+ ions higher concentration outside cell
- K+ ions higher concentration inside cell
- Uses energy to actively transport across cell membrane
- 3Na+ for 2K+
- medications can alter it
Mitochondria
- Cell's energy producer
- Aerobic Metabolism: requires O2
- Cellular hypoxia = anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
- Unique DNA, only in mitochondria
,- Subject to mutation by free radicals; passed mother to child
Ribosomes
- Protein factories
- hypoxia causes decreased protein synthesis
Nucleus
- cell mastermind
- DNA inside
- transcription happens here
DNA
- made up of nucleotides, purine bases, pyrimidine bases
- in replication one strand stays and on goes
RNA
mRNA - instructions of what to do next
rRNA - linking of amino acids
tRNA - follows instructions
, Nucleotide Base Pairs
A with T and C with G
Transcription
- occurs in the nucleus
- DNA helix untwists and separates
- single strand RNA
Translation
- occurs in ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA
Atrophy
less or no use; cells getting smaller
Hypertrophy
