NUR 280 exam 3 questions with
complete solutions
A characteristic manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is:
alkaline urine.
massive proteinuria.
renal colic.
hypertension. - correct answer ✔✔hypertension.
The most damaging effects of urinary obstruction are the result of _____ and unrelieved obstruction of
urine outflow.
urinary stasis
renal hypertension
kidney hyperplasia
concentrated urine - correct answer ✔✔urinary stasis
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
glomerular membrane viruses.
catheter-induced infection.
vesicoureteral reflux.
antigen-antibody complexes. - correct answer ✔✔antigen-antibody complexes.
The edema that develops in persons with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome reflects:
salt and water retention.
decreased glomerular permeability.
inability to concentrate urine.
obstruction and reflux - correct answer ✔✔salt and water retention.
,The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular
membrane that causes increased permeability to:
antibody complexes.
plasma proteins.
inflammatory cells.
red blood cells. - correct answer ✔✔plasma proteins.
High-risk factors for development of adult renal cell cancer include:
anorexia/bulimia disorder.
inherited renal disease.
heavy smoking.
adrenal medulla tumors. - correct answer ✔✔heavy smoking.
Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of nephrotic syndrome?
Hematuria and anemia
Proteinuria and generalized edema
Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen
Renal colic and increased serum sodium - correct answer ✔✔Proteinuria and generalized edema
The most recent assessment of a patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes indicates a heightened risk
of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased
risk?
Diabetic retinopathy
Microalbuminuria
Hematuria
Orthostatic hypotension - correct answer ✔✔Microalbuminuria
An elderly female patient has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which of the
following characteristics of the patient is most likely implicated in the etiology of her current health
problem?
, The patient recently had a urinary tract infection.
The patient has peripheral vascular disease.
The patient takes a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor each day for the treatment of hypertension.
The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years earlier. - correct answer ✔✔The patient
recently had a urinary tract infection.
An adult patient has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the patient's following
statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?
"I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure."
"I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why."
"I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the damage they can do."
"I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this." - correct answer ✔✔"I suppose I
should be tested to see if my children might inherit this."
A patient has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the
treatment of renal calculi. Which of the following measures should the patient integrate into his lifestyle
to reduce the risk of recurrence?
Regular random blood glucose testing
Weight loss and blood pressure control
Increased physical activity and use of over-the-counter diuretics
Increased fluid intake and dietary changes - correct answer ✔✔Increased fluid intake and dietary
changes
Which of the following patient complaints most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out
renal cell carcinoma?
Oliguria
Hematuria
Urinary urgency
Cloudy urine - correct answer ✔✔Hematuria
The most common indicator of acute renal failure is:
complete solutions
A characteristic manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is:
alkaline urine.
massive proteinuria.
renal colic.
hypertension. - correct answer ✔✔hypertension.
The most damaging effects of urinary obstruction are the result of _____ and unrelieved obstruction of
urine outflow.
urinary stasis
renal hypertension
kidney hyperplasia
concentrated urine - correct answer ✔✔urinary stasis
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
glomerular membrane viruses.
catheter-induced infection.
vesicoureteral reflux.
antigen-antibody complexes. - correct answer ✔✔antigen-antibody complexes.
The edema that develops in persons with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome reflects:
salt and water retention.
decreased glomerular permeability.
inability to concentrate urine.
obstruction and reflux - correct answer ✔✔salt and water retention.
,The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular
membrane that causes increased permeability to:
antibody complexes.
plasma proteins.
inflammatory cells.
red blood cells. - correct answer ✔✔plasma proteins.
High-risk factors for development of adult renal cell cancer include:
anorexia/bulimia disorder.
inherited renal disease.
heavy smoking.
adrenal medulla tumors. - correct answer ✔✔heavy smoking.
Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of nephrotic syndrome?
Hematuria and anemia
Proteinuria and generalized edema
Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen
Renal colic and increased serum sodium - correct answer ✔✔Proteinuria and generalized edema
The most recent assessment of a patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes indicates a heightened risk
of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased
risk?
Diabetic retinopathy
Microalbuminuria
Hematuria
Orthostatic hypotension - correct answer ✔✔Microalbuminuria
An elderly female patient has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which of the
following characteristics of the patient is most likely implicated in the etiology of her current health
problem?
, The patient recently had a urinary tract infection.
The patient has peripheral vascular disease.
The patient takes a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor each day for the treatment of hypertension.
The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years earlier. - correct answer ✔✔The patient
recently had a urinary tract infection.
An adult patient has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the patient's following
statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis?
"I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure."
"I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why."
"I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the damage they can do."
"I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this." - correct answer ✔✔"I suppose I
should be tested to see if my children might inherit this."
A patient has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the
treatment of renal calculi. Which of the following measures should the patient integrate into his lifestyle
to reduce the risk of recurrence?
Regular random blood glucose testing
Weight loss and blood pressure control
Increased physical activity and use of over-the-counter diuretics
Increased fluid intake and dietary changes - correct answer ✔✔Increased fluid intake and dietary
changes
Which of the following patient complaints most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out
renal cell carcinoma?
Oliguria
Hematuria
Urinary urgency
Cloudy urine - correct answer ✔✔Hematuria
The most common indicator of acute renal failure is:
