Anatomy & Physiology 101- Exam 1 Review

3 major body cavities - answer-Cranial, thoracic, and abdominal pelvic cavity 3 types of vesicles - answer-secretory, membrane, transport 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic region - answer-right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower 9 regions of the abdominopelvic region - answer-right and left hypochondriac, right lumbar and left lumbar, right and left inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric Abdominal cavity contains - answer-spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of the large intestine Anaphase - answer-centromeres split and sister chromatids move toward opposite poles of the cell Anatomical position - answer-hands at side, palms facing forward, feet together, and viewing anterior side of the body Anterior/ventral - answer-front of the body caudal - answer-tailbone Cell division occurs in two stages: - answer-Interphase and mitosis Cell identity marker - answer-distinguishes your cells from anyone elses cephalic - answer-head cervical - answer-neck Components of amino acids - answer-carbon, amino group, carboxyl group, R group Concentration gradient - answer-difference in concentration of a chemical between one side of the membrane and the other Cranial cavity - answer-formed by cranial bones and contains brain cranial/cephalic - answer-brain Cytokinesis - answer-cytoplasm of parent cell fully splits distal - answer-in reference to the trunk, lower down DNA - answer-forms the genetic code in the nuclei of body cells and it regulates most of the cells activities Eicosanoids - answer-produced by cells in response to injury, disease, or inflammation Electrical gradient - answer-difference in concentration of ions between one side of the membrane and the other Enzymes - answer-a catalyst in a living cell Fized ribosomes - answer-proteins are packaged for secretion Free ribosomes - answer-proteins enter cytosol Frontal plane - answer-splits body into anterior and posterior halves (front and back) function of the secretory vesicle - answer-exports proteins from cell by exocytosis function of the transport vesicle - answer-takes product to lysosome Functions of microtubules - answer-contribute to cell strength and rigidity, anchor organelles, and contribute to the formation of cilia G1 phase - answer-organelles and cytosolic components are duplicated G2 phase - answer-cell growth continues, enzymes and other proteins are synthesized Glycocalyx - answer-allows cells to distinguish themselves from one another Golgi complex - answer-modifies and packages products from ER exocytosis, rewnews/modifies cell membrane, packages special enzymes for intracellular use Homeostasis - answer-a condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment maintained by a regulatory process Hydrostatic pressure - answer-pressure that water exerts on walls of structure (causes movement) inferior - answer-lower down Integral proteins - answer-don't move: include receptors Intermediate filaments functions - answer-cell strength and shape, stabilize organelle position Ion channel - answer-open channel proteins for several common ions lateral - answer-further away Least to most complex structural organization - answer-chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism Linker - answer-helps cell move or link cell to other cells within the body Lysosomes function - answer-recycle old cells, autolysis medial - answer-closer to the center of the body Mediastunim - answer-extends from the sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to the diaphragm (contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and large BV) Membranous components of the cytoplasm - answer-ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria Metaphase - answer-centromeres of chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate Microfilaments are composed of - answer-actin and myosin Microtubules are made from the protein - answer-tubulin Mid-sagittal plane - answer-cuts body right down the middle Mitochondria - answer-energy producing organelle Negative feedback - answer-disruption of homeostasis causes a chain reaction that brings the body back to normal conditions (ex: body temperature and blood pressure) Non membranous components of the cytoplasm - answer-cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes Nucleus - answer-largest cell structure- control center for cellular operations Osmosis - answer-the net movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Osmotic pressure - answer-pressure needed to overcome hydrostatic pressure Parrica