HAZMAT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025

80% - answer-Percentage of contaminants can be removed by simply undressing Absorption - answer-(1) the process of absorbing or "picking up" a liquid hazardous material to prevent enlargement of the contained area; (2) movement of a toxicant into the circulatory system by oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure Adsorption - answer-Process of adhering to a surface, a common physical method of spill control and decontamination ALARA - answer-Performing decontamination to a level as low as reasonably achievable ALARA - answer-Performing decontamination to a level as low as reasonably achievable. Technical Decon Anti-personnel agents (Riot control agents) - answer-Usually solid materials dispersed in a liquid spray and cause pain or burning unexposed mucous membranes and skin. Examples include tear gas and pepper spray Area of refuge - answer-A holding area within the hot zone where personnel are controlled until they can be safely decontaminated, treated, or removed Basic principles of emergency response to radioactive materials - answer-Time, distance, and shielding between you and the radioactive material Blood agents (Chemical asphyxiants) - answer-Chemical agents that consist of a cyanide compound, such as hydrogen cyanide. Breach - answer-The event causing it has my container to open up or "breach". It occurs when the container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery (ability to hold contents). Bulk packaging - answer-Any packaging having a capacity meeting one of the following criteria: liquid - capacity greater than 119 gallons 450 L solid - net mass greater than 882 pounds for solids, or capacity greater than 119 gallons Compressed gas - water capacity greater than 1001 pounds Calibration - answer-The process of adjusting a monitoring instruments so that its readings correspond to actual, known concentrations of a given material. Chemical agents - answer-Chemical agents are classified in military terms based upon their effect on the enemy Chemical degradation - answer-The process of altering the chemicals fracture of the contaminant through the use of a second chemical or material Chemical stress - answer-The result of a chemical reaction between two or more materials. Example polymerization Choking agents (respiratory irritants) - answer-Chemical agents that can damage the membranes of the lung. Examples include phosgene and chlorine Circle Dike - answer-Slow moving or heavy materials should be confined by the use of this Dike Cold zone - answer-The areas at a hazardous material incident that contains the incident command post and other functions necessary to control the incident Cold-weather operations - answer-Victims who are young, elderly, or have chronic health problems will succumb to hypothermia faster. These people should be moved to a warm area as soon as possible since hypothermia in this group may begin in approximately 10 minutes Compound - answer-Chemical combination of two or more elements, either the same elements are different ones, but is electrically neutral. Container - answer-Any vessel or receptacle that holds the material, including storage vessels, pipelines and packaging. Contaminant - answer-A hazardous material that physically remains on or in people, animals, the environment, or equipment, thereby creating a continuing risk of direct injury or a risk of exposure outside of the hot zone Contaminant - answer-Hazardous material that physically remains on or in people, animals, the environment, or equipment, thereby creating a continuing risk of direct injury or a risk of exposure outside of the hot zone Contamination - answer-The process of transferring a hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or equipment, which may act as a carrier Covering - answer-A physical methods of confinement; typically a temporary measure Critical transportation needs - answer-Defined as people who cannot self evacuate by any means of transportation Critical transportation needs - answer-People who have no means of transportation Cryogenic liquid - answer-Gases that have been transformed into extremely cold liquids stored at temperatures below -130 Fahrenheit Damming - answer-A physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed to reduce the quantity of liquid flowing into the environment Decontamination - answer-The physical and/or chemical process of producing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous material incident. OSHA 1910.120 defines decontamination as a removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to proclude foreseeable health effects Decontamination - answer-The physical and/or chemical process of reducing and preventing the spread of contamination from persons and equipment used at a hazardous material incident Decontamination corridor - answer-A distinct area within the warm zone that functions as a protective buffer and bridge between the hot zone and the cold zone, where decontamination stations and personnel are located to conduct the decontamination procedures Decontamination officer - answer-A position within the hazmat branch which has responsibility for identifying the location of the Decon corridor, assigning stations, managing all decontamination procedures, and identifying the types of decontamination necessary Defense mode - answer-These are less aggressive spill and fire control tactics were certain areas may be conceded to the emergency, with response efforts directed towards limiting the overall size or spread of the problem Defensive tactics - answer-These aren't less aggressive spill and fire control tactics were certain areas may be "conceded" to the emergency, with response of fruits directed towards limiting the overall size or spread of the problem. Degradation - answer-A chemical action involving the molecular breakdown of a protective clothing material or Equipment due to contact with a chemical Degradation - answer-A chemical action involving the molecular breakdown of protective clothing material ordered equipment to the contact with a chemical Detonation - answer-An explosive chemical reaction with the release rate of < 0.01 seconds Diking - answer-A physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed on ground used to control the movement of liquids, sludge, solids, or other materials. Dilution - answer-Chemical method of confinement by which a water-soluble solution, usually a corrosive, is diluted by adding large volumes of water to the spill Direct contamination - answer-Occurs when a person comes in direct physical contact with a contaminant or when a person comes in contact with any object that has the contaminant on it Direct reading instruments - answer-These provide information at the time of sampling Disinfection - answer-The process used to destroy the majority of recognized pathogenic microorganisms Disinfection - answer-The process used to destroy the majority of recognized pathogenic microorganisms Dispersion - answer-Chemical method of confinement by which certain chemical and biological agents are used to disperse or break up the material involved in liquid spills on water Diversion - answer-A physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed on ground or placed in a waterway to intentionally control the movement of a hazardous material into an area where it will post less form to the community and the environment Element - answer-Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means Emergency decontamination - answer-The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals and potential he life threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination Corridor Emergency decontamination - answer-The physical process of immediately reducing contamination of individuals and potentially life-threatening situations with or without the formal establishment of a decontamination Corridor Engulfing - answer-Once the hazmat and/or energy is released, it is free to travel or disperse, engulfing an area Establishing hazard control zones - answer-Should be established through air monitoring, and clearly marked and posted on the ICs tactical worksheet. Evacuation - answer-The controlled relocation of people from an area of known danger or unacceptable risk to a safer area or one in which the risk is considered to be acceptable Excepted packaging - answer-Used to transport material with low levels of radioactivity Explo