CHAPTER 3: BASIC GERIATRICS NURSING Questions & Answers 2024/2025

CHAPTER 3: BASIC GERIATRICS NURSING Questions & Answers 2024/2025 Heredity, environment, health maintenance. - ANSWER-3 things that significantly affect the timing and magnitude of age-related changes. Arthritis - ANSWER-The leading cause of disability in the United States. Heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's, pneumonia - ANSWER-According to the CDC, these are the leading causes of death in the United States (in order) Senile Lentigo - ANSWER-Clusters of melanocytes form areas of deepened pigmentation. AKA age/liver spots. Seborrheic Keratosis - ANSWER-Slightly raised, wart-like macules wit distinct edges. Color: tan- black. Mostly seen on the upper body. May cause discomfort and itching Cutaneous Papillo ma - ANSWER-Small, brown-, or flesh-colored projections of the skin that are most often observed on the neck AKA skin tags Xeris’s - ANSWER-Most common skin complaint of the older adult. AKA dry skin Pruritus - ANSWER-Medical name for itching Senile purpura - ANSWER-Red, purple, brown areas commonly seen on the legs or the arms caused by capillary walls becoming to fragile with age. Basal cell carcinoma - ANSWER-Precancerous or cancerous condition that is observed in older adults who have spent significant amounts of time in the sun Melanoma - ANSWER-The unusual appearance of moles. Irregular shape & boarder. Change in size & color. Symptoms: itching and bleeding may occur Pressure ulcers - ANSWER-Break down of skin and tissue over bony prominences. Rosacea - ANSWER-Redness, dilated superficial BV, and small pimples on the nose and the center of the face. If this is left untreated it could lead to swelling and conjunctivitis. Lifestyle modification: Avoid stress, extreme heat, sun exposure, spicy foods & alcohol - ANSWER-Treatment for Rosacea Hypothermia - ANSWER-This is seen when insulation is lost by the subcutaneous and adipose tissue and older adult is put into an environment that is too cold Bone - ANSWER-Calcium, phosphorus, and protein make up: Calcium - ANSWER-Necessary for the bone strength, muscle and myocardial contraction, blood clotting and neuronal activity. Dairy products and dark green leafy veggies - ANSWER-Calcium is normally obtained by eating Vitamin D - ANSWER-Needed for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus through the small intestine Calcitonin - ANSWER-Produced by the thyroid gland. Slows the movement of calcium from the bones to the blood stream, lowering the blood calcium level. Isometric exercise - ANSWER-Muscle contraction without body movement. Isotonic exercise - ANSWER-Muscle contraction with body movement. Aerobic exercise - ANSWER-Isotonic exercise that last 30 min or longer. This strengthens the skeletal, cardiac and respiratory muscles Kyphosis - ANSWER-Stooped or hunch back appearance with the head going forward toward the chest. This happens when the intervertebral disk shrink as the thoracic vertebrae change. Osteoporosis - ANSWER-Excessive loss of calcium from bone without sufficient replacement results in Osteoporosis - ANSWER-Porous, brittle, fragile bones. Hormone therapy - ANSWER-Beneficial to bone density Heart attack, stroke, blood clots & breast cancer - ANSWER-Hormone therapy also increases the risk for Osteoarthritis - ANSWER-The most common form of arthritis Hernerden nodes - ANSWER-Cause by abnormal cartilage or bone enlargement in the distant finger joints. Pain may occur during activity or worse with emotional stress Rheumatoid arthritis - ANSWER-Collagen disease that results from autoimmune process, affecting more women than men. This cause inflammation to the synovium, damage to the cartilage and bone of joints and instability of tendons and ligaments 30-50 - ANSWER-RA is onset is usually between the ages Pain/stiffness Unwell feeling Fever Fatigue Warm/tender joints - ANSWER-Symptoms of RA Life style changes: Continues...