©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Nurs406 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Evidence based practice - answer✔we do this when evidence exists and we need to know what
is best practice; combination of the synthesis of the findings from the best research evidence,
clinical expertise, and philosophy, and needs and values of patients; it may not require IRB
approval and is generally not funded
to promote quality, safe, and cost-effective outcomes - answer✔what is the goal of EBP
research - answer✔we do this when their is a knowledge gap we need to fill; it is conducted by
experts, funding can be available, and an intuitional review board approval is required
synthesis of new empirical knowledge - answer✔the best research evidence is the
____________________ generated from well-designed research studies to address a clinical
problem
case study, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control study, randomized controlled trial -
answer✔what are the 5 types of research studies
1) develop a clinical question
2) retrieve the evidence
3) evaluate the evidence
4) apply the evidence - answer✔4 steps of evidence based practice
quantitative research - answer✔formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating
information; describes new situations, events, or concepts; purpose is to examine relationships
among variables; determines the effectiveness of treatment; always report numerical data
independent - answer✔variable that is manipulated by the researcher
dependent - answer✔variable that is impacted by the manipulation
extraneous - answer✔unrelated to the focus of research; usually demographic
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental - answer✔types of quantitative
research
descriptive quantitative research - answer✔research that explores and describes a phenomena
in real-life situations; helps to identify relationships; new meaning discovered and a description
of concepts; describes situations as they exist- no variable manipulation
correlational quantitative research - answer✔research that looks at the relationship between 2
or more variables and determines the strength and type of relationship; does not study cause
and effect; no manipulations
quasi-experimental quantitative research - answer✔research that does examine cause and
effect but the research cannot control everything; samples are not randomly selected;
determines effectiveness of interventions in predicting and controlling patient outcomes;
manipulation of independent variable but does not have a control group
experimental quantitative research - answer✔research that describes cause and effect but has
controlled manipulation of at least one variable; random assignments of the sample; uses
experimental and control groups; controls the independent variable by randomly assigning
participants to different groups, treatment, or conditions; randomized controlled trials use this
prospective - answer✔type of data that starts with an examination of the presumed causes and
then goes forward in time to observe the effect; measure independent variables as presumed
causes and then measures the effect (outcome) after moving foward
retrospective - answer✔type of data that starts with outcome in the present and looks for
cause, looks back for presumed cause or contributing factors
cross sectional - answer✔type of data that collects data at one point in time
longitudinal - answer✔type of data that collects data at more than one point of time (allowing
for comparison and analysis of change over time)
qualitative research - answer✔research with the purpose to gain an understanding of
underlying reasons and motivations, uncover possible trends in thought, opinions, beliefs,
experiences, etc.; answers the research question of why? how? or what?; subjective results;
data represented in words or observations
phenomenology, grounded, ethnography, historical, qualitative descriptive - answer✔types of
qualitative research
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
phenomenology qualitative research - answer✔research that provides understanding of a
particular phenomenon as it is lived by those who experience it
grounded theory qualitative research - answer✔research done to understand the concepts and
social processes involved in a phenomenon; goal of developing a theory
ethnography qualitative research - answer✔research done for a systemic study of people and
culture
historical qualitative research - answer✔research done to seek to understand events of the
distant or recent past
qualitative descriptive research - answer✔research done to describe a particular phenomenon,
practice, process, etc. but does not strictly subscribe to any specific qualitative approach (ex.
what was it like to be an active duty nurse during the Vietnam war?)
PICO(T) question - answer✔a question that is used to communicate information clearly to
anyone reading; it is searchable and answerable; develops foreground questions that apply EBP
to clinical situations; guides a search of research evidence to support management practice;
structures and guides the search process
P- patient population
I- interventions or treatment
C- compared to
O- outcome of interest
T- timeframe (optional) - answer✔what does PICOT stand for
pyramid of evidence - answer✔helpful tool for presenting research evidence on a continuum
with the highest quality of research evidence at the apex and the weakest research evidence at
the base
level 1 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is systemic review and
meta-analysis
level 2 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is randomized controlled
trial or experimental study
level 3 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is quasi-experimental study
3|Page
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
Nurs406 Exam 1 Questions With Correct
Answers
Evidence based practice - answer✔we do this when evidence exists and we need to know what
is best practice; combination of the synthesis of the findings from the best research evidence,
clinical expertise, and philosophy, and needs and values of patients; it may not require IRB
approval and is generally not funded
to promote quality, safe, and cost-effective outcomes - answer✔what is the goal of EBP
research - answer✔we do this when their is a knowledge gap we need to fill; it is conducted by
experts, funding can be available, and an intuitional review board approval is required
synthesis of new empirical knowledge - answer✔the best research evidence is the
____________________ generated from well-designed research studies to address a clinical
problem
case study, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control study, randomized controlled trial -
answer✔what are the 5 types of research studies
1) develop a clinical question
2) retrieve the evidence
3) evaluate the evidence
4) apply the evidence - answer✔4 steps of evidence based practice
quantitative research - answer✔formal, objective, rigorous, systematic process for generating
information; describes new situations, events, or concepts; purpose is to examine relationships
among variables; determines the effectiveness of treatment; always report numerical data
independent - answer✔variable that is manipulated by the researcher
dependent - answer✔variable that is impacted by the manipulation
extraneous - answer✔unrelated to the focus of research; usually demographic
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental - answer✔types of quantitative
research
descriptive quantitative research - answer✔research that explores and describes a phenomena
in real-life situations; helps to identify relationships; new meaning discovered and a description
of concepts; describes situations as they exist- no variable manipulation
correlational quantitative research - answer✔research that looks at the relationship between 2
or more variables and determines the strength and type of relationship; does not study cause
and effect; no manipulations
quasi-experimental quantitative research - answer✔research that does examine cause and
effect but the research cannot control everything; samples are not randomly selected;
determines effectiveness of interventions in predicting and controlling patient outcomes;
manipulation of independent variable but does not have a control group
experimental quantitative research - answer✔research that describes cause and effect but has
controlled manipulation of at least one variable; random assignments of the sample; uses
experimental and control groups; controls the independent variable by randomly assigning
participants to different groups, treatment, or conditions; randomized controlled trials use this
prospective - answer✔type of data that starts with an examination of the presumed causes and
then goes forward in time to observe the effect; measure independent variables as presumed
causes and then measures the effect (outcome) after moving foward
retrospective - answer✔type of data that starts with outcome in the present and looks for
cause, looks back for presumed cause or contributing factors
cross sectional - answer✔type of data that collects data at one point in time
longitudinal - answer✔type of data that collects data at more than one point of time (allowing
for comparison and analysis of change over time)
qualitative research - answer✔research with the purpose to gain an understanding of
underlying reasons and motivations, uncover possible trends in thought, opinions, beliefs,
experiences, etc.; answers the research question of why? how? or what?; subjective results;
data represented in words or observations
phenomenology, grounded, ethnography, historical, qualitative descriptive - answer✔types of
qualitative research
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
phenomenology qualitative research - answer✔research that provides understanding of a
particular phenomenon as it is lived by those who experience it
grounded theory qualitative research - answer✔research done to understand the concepts and
social processes involved in a phenomenon; goal of developing a theory
ethnography qualitative research - answer✔research done for a systemic study of people and
culture
historical qualitative research - answer✔research done to seek to understand events of the
distant or recent past
qualitative descriptive research - answer✔research done to describe a particular phenomenon,
practice, process, etc. but does not strictly subscribe to any specific qualitative approach (ex.
what was it like to be an active duty nurse during the Vietnam war?)
PICO(T) question - answer✔a question that is used to communicate information clearly to
anyone reading; it is searchable and answerable; develops foreground questions that apply EBP
to clinical situations; guides a search of research evidence to support management practice;
structures and guides the search process
P- patient population
I- interventions or treatment
C- compared to
O- outcome of interest
T- timeframe (optional) - answer✔what does PICOT stand for
pyramid of evidence - answer✔helpful tool for presenting research evidence on a continuum
with the highest quality of research evidence at the apex and the weakest research evidence at
the base
level 1 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is systemic review and
meta-analysis
level 2 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is randomized controlled
trial or experimental study
level 3 - answer✔what level of research on the pyramid of evidence is quasi-experimental study
3|Page
