TEST BANK c
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
c c c c
c INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH
c c c
c EDITION
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
c c c c c
,Chapter 1 Test A
c c c
MULTIPLE CHOICE c
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments c c c c c c c c c
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
c c c c c c c c c
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
c c c c c c c c c
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
pressure(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
production(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
information.
c
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. c c c c
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
c c c c c c c c
ANS: C c PTS: c 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
whatever the situation.
c c c
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
c c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E c PTS: c 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
c c c c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
c c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A c PTS: c 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
c c c c c c c c c c c c
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
same offenses than black women.
c c c c c
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. c c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: B c PTS: c 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
avulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
computers tovisit pay-per-click ads.
c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. c c c c c c c c c
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: E c PTS: c 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. c c c c c c c c
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. c c c c c c c c
ANS: C c PTS: c 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. c c c c c c c c c
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: A c PTS: c 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
mental processing.
c c
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. c c c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. c c c c c c c c
ANS: B c PTS: c 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
plants.
c
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. c c c c c c c c c
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. c c c c c c c c
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
howmay more would have been exonerated?
c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. c c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
c c c c c c c c c c c c
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
c c c c
c INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH
c c c
c EDITION
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
c c c c c
,Chapter 1 Test A
c c c
MULTIPLE CHOICE c
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments c c c c c c c c c
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
c c c c c c c c c
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
c c c c c c c c c
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
pressure(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
production(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
information.
c
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. c c c c
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
c c c c c c c c
ANS: C c PTS: c 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
whatever the situation.
c c c
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
c c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E c PTS: c 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
c c c c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
c c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A c PTS: c 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
c c c c c c c c c c c c
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
same offenses than black women.
c c c c c
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. c c c c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: B c PTS: c 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
avulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
computers tovisit pay-per-click ads.
c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. c c c c c c c c c
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: E c PTS: c 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. c c c c c c c c
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. c c c c c c c c
ANS: C c PTS: c 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. c c c c c c c c c
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. c c c c c c c c c c
ANS: A c PTS: c 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
mental processing.
c c
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. c c c c c c c c
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. c c c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. c c c c c c c c
ANS: B c PTS: c 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
plants.
c
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. c c c c c c c c c c
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. c c c c c c c c c
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. c c c c c c c c c
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. c c c c c c c c
ANS: D c PTS: c 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available,
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
howmay more would have been exonerated?
c c c c c c c
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. c c c c c c c c c c c
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. c c c c c c c
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. c c c c c c c c c
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
c c c c c c c c c c c c
3
