,pathophysiology_the_biologic_basis_for_disease_in_adults_and_children_8th
_ edition
chapter 01: cellular biology
numerous choice
1. which statement best describes the cellular character of metabolic interest?
a. cells can produce proteins.
b. cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. cells can synthesize fats.
correct: c
in metabolic interest, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. the remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
interest.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
2. where is most of a cell’s dynastic information, plus rna and dna, contained?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. nucleolus
d. lysosome
correct: c
the nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of rna, most of the
cellular dna, and the dna-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. the
mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
ribosomes’ chief character is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. lysosomes recharacter
as the intracellular digestive system.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
3. which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) by using oxygen to
eliminatehydrogen atoms from specific substdegrees in an oxidative reaction? composite
a. lysosomes
b. peroxisomes
c. ribosomes
d. endosome
correct: b
, peroxisomes are so named since they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to eradicate
hydrogen atoms from specific substdegrees in an oxidative reaction that produces h2o2, which is
apowerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
ribosomes are rna-protein compositees (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted hooked on the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope named nuclear
pore compositees. lysosomes are saclike structures that create from the golgi composite and
containmore than 40 digestive enzymes named hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohyddegrees. an endosome is a vesical that partake been pinched
off from the cellular membrane.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
4. which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released throughout cell injury?
a. ribosome
b. golgi composite
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. lysosomes
correct: d
the lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakstage hooked on the cytoplasmic
matrix. disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substdegrees, causing cellular
self- digestion. the chief character of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. thegolgi composite is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near thecell nucleus. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone
production andremoving toxic substances from the cell.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
5. which camp-mediated reply is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. increased heart degree and force of contraction
b. secretion of cortisol
c. increased retention of aquatic
d. breakdown of fat
correct: c
antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of aquatic in the body. epinephrine roots
increases in heart degree and force of contraction. increased cortisol secretion is due to
acth.breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
6. throughout which ppartakee of the cell cycle is dna synthesized?
a. g1
b. s
c. g2
d. m
, correct: b
the four designated ppartakees of the cell cycle are: (1) the g1 ppartakee (g = gap), which is the
period between the m ppartakee (m = mitosis) and the start of dna synthesis; (2) the s ppartakee
(s = synthesis), throughout which dna is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the g2 ppartakee,
throughout whichrna and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of dna
synthesis and thenext ppartakee (m); and (4) the m ppartakee, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
7. what organic compound facilitates trcorrectportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors,trcorrectport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. lipids
b. proteases
c. proteins
d. carbohyddegrees
correct: c
proteins have numerous characters, plus acting as receptors, trcorrectport channels for
electrolytes,and enzymes to drive active pumps lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
membranes together. proteases cause the breakdown of protein. carbohyddegrees are involved
in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
8. understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
for which social illnesss?
a. cardiac and vascular disorders
b. autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
correct: b
understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many social illnesss,
plus melanoma, autoimmunity, and neurodednarative disorders. cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
9. which structure prevents aquatic-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasmamembrane?
a. carbohyddegree chains
b. glycoprotein channels
c. membrane channel proteins
d. lipid bilayer
correct: d
_ edition
chapter 01: cellular biology
numerous choice
1. which statement best describes the cellular character of metabolic interest?
a. cells can produce proteins.
b. cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. cells can synthesize fats.
correct: c
in metabolic interest, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. the remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
interest.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
2. where is most of a cell’s dynastic information, plus rna and dna, contained?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosome
c. nucleolus
d. lysosome
correct: c
the nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of rna, most of the
cellular dna, and the dna-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. the
mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
ribosomes’ chief character is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. lysosomes recharacter
as the intracellular digestive system.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
3. which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) by using oxygen to
eliminatehydrogen atoms from specific substdegrees in an oxidative reaction? composite
a. lysosomes
b. peroxisomes
c. ribosomes
d. endosome
correct: b
, peroxisomes are so named since they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to eradicate
hydrogen atoms from specific substdegrees in an oxidative reaction that produces h2o2, which is
apowerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
ribosomes are rna-protein compositees (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted hooked on the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope named nuclear
pore compositees. lysosomes are saclike structures that create from the golgi composite and
containmore than 40 digestive enzymes named hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins,
lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohyddegrees. an endosome is a vesical that partake been pinched
off from the cellular membrane.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
4. which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released throughout cell injury?
a. ribosome
b. golgi composite
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. lysosomes
correct: d
the lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakstage hooked on the cytoplasmic
matrix. disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of
the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substdegrees, causing cellular
self- digestion. the chief character of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein
synthesis. thegolgi composite is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often
located near thecell nucleus. the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone
production andremoving toxic substances from the cell.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
5. which camp-mediated reply is related to antidiuretic hormone?
a. increased heart degree and force of contraction
b. secretion of cortisol
c. increased retention of aquatic
d. breakdown of fat
correct: c
antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of aquatic in the body. epinephrine roots
increases in heart degree and force of contraction. increased cortisol secretion is due to
acth.breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
6. throughout which ppartakee of the cell cycle is dna synthesized?
a. g1
b. s
c. g2
d. m
, correct: b
the four designated ppartakees of the cell cycle are: (1) the g1 ppartakee (g = gap), which is the
period between the m ppartakee (m = mitosis) and the start of dna synthesis; (2) the s ppartakee
(s = synthesis), throughout which dna is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the g2 ppartakee,
throughout whichrna and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of dna
synthesis and thenext ppartakee (m); and (4) the m ppartakee, which includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
7. what organic compound facilitates trcorrectportation across cell membranes by acting as
receptors,trcorrectport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. lipids
b. proteases
c. proteins
d. carbohyddegrees
correct: c
proteins have numerous characters, plus acting as receptors, trcorrectport channels for
electrolytes,and enzymes to drive active pumps lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell
membranes together. proteases cause the breakdown of protein. carbohyddegrees are involved
in cellular protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
8. understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
for which social illnesss?
a. cardiac and vascular disorders
b. autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
correct: b
understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many social illnesss,
plus melanoma, autoimmunity, and neurodednarative disorders. cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
pts: 1 dif: reasoning equal: remembering
9. which structure prevents aquatic-soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasmamembrane?
a. carbohyddegree chains
b. glycoprotein channels
c. membrane channel proteins
d. lipid bilayer
correct: d
