TEST BANK q
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
q q q q
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH
q q q q
EDITION
q
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
q q q q q
,Chapter 1 Test A
q q q
MULTIPLE CHOICE q
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from q q q q q q q q
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
q q q q q q q q q q
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
workingmore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
q q q q q q q q q
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
pressure(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
production(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
recall information.
q q
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. q q q q
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: C q PTS: q 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
whatever the situation.
q q q
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
q q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E q PTS: q 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qtaxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qthese merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qtheir employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qimmigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
q q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A q PTS: q 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
q q q q q q q q q q q q
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
same offenses than black women.
q q q q q
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
q q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: B q PTS: q 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qelements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qavulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qidentity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qcomputers tovisit pay-per-click ads. q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
q q q q q q q q q
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: E q PTS: q 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. q q q q q q q q
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: C q PTS: q 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qcommunitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qmedicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qand life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qaverted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
q q q q q q q q q
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: A q PTS: q 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
mental processing.
q q
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
disease.
q
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
q q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: B q PTS: q 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
plants.
q
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
q q q q q q q q q
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
executed. For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
available, howmay more would have been exonerated?
q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
q q q q q q q q q q q q
3
TEST BANK FOR A CONCISE
q q q q
INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 13TH
q q q q
EDITION
q
BY PATRICK J. HURLEY, LORI WATSON
q q q q q
,Chapter 1 Test A
q q q
MULTIPLE CHOICE q
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from q q q q q q q q
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
q q q q q q q q q q
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
workingmore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
q q q q q q q q q
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
pressure(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
production(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
recall information.
q q
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. q q q q
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: C q PTS: q 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
whatever the situation.
q q q
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
q q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E q PTS: q 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qtaxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qthese merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qtheir employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qimmigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
q q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
q q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A q PTS: q 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be
q q q q q q q q q q q q
arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
significantlylonger sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
same offenses than black women.
q q q q q
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
q q q q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: B q PTS: q 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qelements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qavulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qidentity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qcomputers tovisit pay-per-click ads. q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
q q q q q q q q q
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: E q PTS: q 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
ofinterplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. q q q q q q q q
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: C q PTS: q 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qcommunitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qmedicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qand life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
qaverted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
q q q q q q q q q
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted.
q q q q q q q q q q
ANS: A q PTS: q 2
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
q q q q q q q q q q q q q
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
neuronscommunicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
mental processing.
q q
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. q q q q q q q q
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
nucleic acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
organisms only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
stored in a container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
disease.
q
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins.
q q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope.
q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease.
q q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: B q PTS: q 2
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
by82 percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
photovoltaic cells have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
electricity. Todaythe costs of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
plants.
q
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants.
q q q q q q q q q q
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981.
q q q q q q q q q
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem.
q q q q q q q q q
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity.
q q q q q q q q
ANS: D q PTS: q 2
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit.
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
From 1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
evidence played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
executed. For many of these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been
q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q
available, howmay more would have been exonerated?
q q q q q q q q
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role.
q q q q q q q q q q q
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. q q q q q q q
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available.
q q q q q q q q q
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit.
q q q q q q q q q q q q
3
