EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM 98 QUESTIONS WITH
LATEST SCORED A+ ANSWERS!!
While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are mental states,
they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new
concept and was once referred to as . Answer - psychophysical parallelism
behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical positivism
or operationism. Answer - methodological
Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations, images,
and feelings Answer - introspection
"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that science"
(Skinner, 1974. p.3). Answer - philosophy
With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic
explanations. Answer - parsimony
In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow
a few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes
reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as
opposed to effects that could have produced changes without the
intervention), ___ , and self-correction. Answer - bias, evidence, replication
Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions
should not be made. Answer - evidence
,"___ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt
to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events
(Skinner, 1953, p.6)." Answer - science, lawful relations
In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the
dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully
controlled conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can
"acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific
method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions Answer - mentalistic,
explanatory
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival
of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can
be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex
lives. Answer - debilitating
Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the
scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the
organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different
eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response. Answer - conditioning,
stimulus control, novel
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over
contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the
edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires
behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated". Answer - prediction,
control, accessible
is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime. Answer -
ontogeny
, is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire
species. Answer - phylogeny
It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and phylogenic
established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it
may seem mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the
shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it does
not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a web "no
comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies
at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208). Answer - chain, learned
Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence
from the __ (p. 27). We must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior;
rather, they set up the physical basis for the processes and structures that
participate in behavior. Behavior still occurs in the context of the environment.
Answer - genes, environment, cause
Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to orient toward the __
rather than the topographical correspondence of their behavior with respect to
the model. Answer - model
The use of the mirror provides the additional feedback required to receive __
of the model. Answer - discriminative control
The most substantial origins of our understanding of operant behavior derived
from Darwin's controversial idea that humans were not unique in their ability
to Answer - think
Thorndike's __ succinctly explained that organisms tend to learn new things
when behaviors are followed by __ stimuli and that behaviors tend to __ when
followed by negative stimuli Answer - law of effect, pleasant, decrease
LATEST SCORED A+ ANSWERS!!
While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are mental states,
they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This is not a new
concept and was once referred to as . Answer - psychophysical parallelism
behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical positivism
or operationism. Answer - methodological
Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations, images,
and feelings Answer - introspection
"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that science"
(Skinner, 1974. p.3). Answer - philosophy
With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic
explanations. Answer - parsimony
In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow
a few guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes
reducing ___ by ensuring interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as
opposed to effects that could have produced changes without the
intervention), ___ , and self-correction. Answer - bias, evidence, replication
Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions
should not be made. Answer - evidence
,"___ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt
to discover order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events
(Skinner, 1953, p.6)." Answer - science, lawful relations
In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the
dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully
controlled conditions that allowed him to show that particular stimuli can
"acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific
method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions Answer - mentalistic,
explanatory
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival
of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can
be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex
lives. Answer - debilitating
Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the
scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the
organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different
eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response. Answer - conditioning,
stimulus control, novel
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over
contingencies of survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the
edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a species acquires
behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated". Answer - prediction,
control, accessible
is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime. Answer -
ontogeny
, is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire
species. Answer - phylogeny
It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and phylogenic
established behaviors. For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it
may seem mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced back to the
shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it does
not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a web "no
comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies
at work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208). Answer - chain, learned
Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence
from the __ (p. 27). We must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior;
rather, they set up the physical basis for the processes and structures that
participate in behavior. Behavior still occurs in the context of the environment.
Answer - genes, environment, cause
Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to orient toward the __
rather than the topographical correspondence of their behavior with respect to
the model. Answer - model
The use of the mirror provides the additional feedback required to receive __
of the model. Answer - discriminative control
The most substantial origins of our understanding of operant behavior derived
from Darwin's controversial idea that humans were not unique in their ability
to Answer - think
Thorndike's __ succinctly explained that organisms tend to learn new things
when behaviors are followed by __ stimuli and that behaviors tend to __ when
followed by negative stimuli Answer - law of effect, pleasant, decrease
