PMHNP NU 674
Psychiatric Mental Healthcare II
LATEST FINALS REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is most commonly
associated with the pathophysiology of depression?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: b) Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in mood
regulation, and deficits in serotonin levels or function are
commonly associated with depression.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is a cognitive distortion where
an individual views a situation in only two categories instead of
on a continuum.
Answer: Dichotomous thinking
Rationale: Dichotomous thinking, also known as black-and-
white thinking, is a common cognitive distortion in psychiatric
disorders, leading to an oversimplified view of complex
situations.
3. True/False: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is only used for
treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Answer: False
©2024/2025
, Rationale: ECT is primarily used for severe, treatment-resistant
depression and can also be effective for bipolar disorder and
certain cases of schizophrenia, not exclusively for treatment-
resistant schizophrenia.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are considered first-line treatments for generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD)?
a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c) Benzodiazepines
d) Physical exercise
Answers: a) CBT, b) SSRIs, d) Physical exercise
Rationale: CBT and SSRIs are established first-line treatments
for GAD. Physical exercise is recommended as a complementary
treatment due to its benefits on mental health. Benzodiazepines
may be used short-term but are not considered first-line due to the
risk of dependence.
5. True/False: Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one
episode of hypomania.
Answer: False
Rationale: Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one
episode of mania, which is more severe than hypomania and can
lead to significant impairment in daily functioning.
©2024/2025
, 6. Multiple Choice: What is the hallmark symptom of
schizophrenia?
a) Persistent feelings of sadness
b) Delusions
c) Excessive worry
d) Impulsive behavior
Answer: b) Delusions
Rationale: Delusions are one of the hallmark positive symptoms
of schizophrenia, characterized by fixed false beliefs that are not
amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
7. Fill-in-the-Blank: The therapeutic approach that focuses on the
here and now, and on challenging and changing unhelpful
cognitive distortions is known as __________ therapy.
Answer: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Rationale: CBT is a widely used therapeutic approach that
addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions
through a goal-oriented, systematic process.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following medications are
commonly used mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder? Select all
that apply.
a) Lithium
©2024/2025
Psychiatric Mental Healthcare II
LATEST FINALS REVIEW
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is most commonly
associated with the pathophysiology of depression?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: b) Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in mood
regulation, and deficits in serotonin levels or function are
commonly associated with depression.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is a cognitive distortion where
an individual views a situation in only two categories instead of
on a continuum.
Answer: Dichotomous thinking
Rationale: Dichotomous thinking, also known as black-and-
white thinking, is a common cognitive distortion in psychiatric
disorders, leading to an oversimplified view of complex
situations.
3. True/False: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is only used for
treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Answer: False
©2024/2025
, Rationale: ECT is primarily used for severe, treatment-resistant
depression and can also be effective for bipolar disorder and
certain cases of schizophrenia, not exclusively for treatment-
resistant schizophrenia.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the
following are considered first-line treatments for generalized
anxiety disorder (GAD)?
a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
b) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
c) Benzodiazepines
d) Physical exercise
Answers: a) CBT, b) SSRIs, d) Physical exercise
Rationale: CBT and SSRIs are established first-line treatments
for GAD. Physical exercise is recommended as a complementary
treatment due to its benefits on mental health. Benzodiazepines
may be used short-term but are not considered first-line due to the
risk of dependence.
5. True/False: Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one
episode of hypomania.
Answer: False
Rationale: Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by at least one
episode of mania, which is more severe than hypomania and can
lead to significant impairment in daily functioning.
©2024/2025
, 6. Multiple Choice: What is the hallmark symptom of
schizophrenia?
a) Persistent feelings of sadness
b) Delusions
c) Excessive worry
d) Impulsive behavior
Answer: b) Delusions
Rationale: Delusions are one of the hallmark positive symptoms
of schizophrenia, characterized by fixed false beliefs that are not
amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.
7. Fill-in-the-Blank: The therapeutic approach that focuses on the
here and now, and on challenging and changing unhelpful
cognitive distortions is known as __________ therapy.
Answer: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Rationale: CBT is a widely used therapeutic approach that
addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions
through a goal-oriented, systematic process.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following medications are
commonly used mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder? Select all
that apply.
a) Lithium
©2024/2025
