WJEC Level 3 Applied Certificate &
Diploma Criminology - Unit 4 (not
completed)
agencies in the cjs - answer-- Police.
- Judiciary.
- Probation service.
- CPS (Crown Prosecution Service).
- Prison service.
- Parliament.
aims of punishment - answer-1. Deterrence.
2. Reparation.
3. Public protection.
4. Rehabilitation.
5. Retribution.
coercion - answer-This can be physical or non-violent:
- Physical coercion may take the form of bodily injury, imprisonment and the death
penalty (capital punishment).
- Non-violent coercion consists of strike, boycott and non-cooperation. Prisons
clearly use coercion as a threat of loss of liberty. This can be seen in a suspended
sentence with the continued threat of custody for future breaking of law.
control theory - answer-Control theories try to explain why people commit crimes.
They support the view that people require nurturing in order to develop
attachments or bonds that are key in producing internal controls, such as
conscience. According to this view, crime is the result of insufficient attachment and
commitment to others.
Crime Control Model - answer-The crime control model looks for quick and efficient
disposal of criminal cases. The aim is to punish criminals and stop recidivism. The
focus of protecting rights falls on the rights of victims rather than defendants. It also
suggests that increased police powers are important if they ensure a conviction. It
does not address the causes of crime. This is a right wing approach. Would rather
some innocent get convicted so that the majority of guilty get convicted. Example -
Barry George (Jill Dando)
Crown Court - answer-After being heard in the magistrates court, these are heard in
the crown court:
- Triable either way - mid level offences such as ABH and theft.
- Indictable - most serious like murder or rape.
denunciation - answer-It helps reinforce the moral and ethical codes or boundary
maintenance. These may have changed over time to what is acceptable within
society. Example - smoking cigarettes was acceptable but now is illegal in the
workplace and in a motor vehicle with a child passenger.
Diploma Criminology - Unit 4 (not
completed)
agencies in the cjs - answer-- Police.
- Judiciary.
- Probation service.
- CPS (Crown Prosecution Service).
- Prison service.
- Parliament.
aims of punishment - answer-1. Deterrence.
2. Reparation.
3. Public protection.
4. Rehabilitation.
5. Retribution.
coercion - answer-This can be physical or non-violent:
- Physical coercion may take the form of bodily injury, imprisonment and the death
penalty (capital punishment).
- Non-violent coercion consists of strike, boycott and non-cooperation. Prisons
clearly use coercion as a threat of loss of liberty. This can be seen in a suspended
sentence with the continued threat of custody for future breaking of law.
control theory - answer-Control theories try to explain why people commit crimes.
They support the view that people require nurturing in order to develop
attachments or bonds that are key in producing internal controls, such as
conscience. According to this view, crime is the result of insufficient attachment and
commitment to others.
Crime Control Model - answer-The crime control model looks for quick and efficient
disposal of criminal cases. The aim is to punish criminals and stop recidivism. The
focus of protecting rights falls on the rights of victims rather than defendants. It also
suggests that increased police powers are important if they ensure a conviction. It
does not address the causes of crime. This is a right wing approach. Would rather
some innocent get convicted so that the majority of guilty get convicted. Example -
Barry George (Jill Dando)
Crown Court - answer-After being heard in the magistrates court, these are heard in
the crown court:
- Triable either way - mid level offences such as ABH and theft.
- Indictable - most serious like murder or rape.
denunciation - answer-It helps reinforce the moral and ethical codes or boundary
maintenance. These may have changed over time to what is acceptable within
society. Example - smoking cigarettes was acceptable but now is illegal in the
workplace and in a motor vehicle with a child passenger.
