MLPAO Final Exam |Questions with 100%
verified Answers
Romanowski stain - ✔️✔️Stain available in either one step or three step formulations that usually
contain a fixative and buffered solutions
● Wrights
● Leishman
● Giemsa
● May Grunwald
Micro stains - Gram Stain- - ✔️✔️contains bacteria according to composition of cell wall ● Gram
positive - retain primary stain - crystal violet - dark blue purple color - extra cellular. Outside cell
Gram negative - - ✔️✔️lose primary stain, retains counterstain - safarin - pink red colour -
intracellular, based on difference in bacterial cell walls
Procedures for determining specific gravity - - ✔️✔️● Use a refractometer - eye spy machine
● Urine dip sticks
● TS meter (total solid)
● Urinometer
● Falling drop
● Osmoarality
Information provided with swabs being sent to microbiology - - ✔️✔️● Accession number, name,
date of birth
● Source of specimen required
Types of pipettes and how they are used - - ✔️✔️● Volumetric pipette - calibrated to deliver (td)
,● serological pipette - blowout to last drop (tc)
● Folin-Oswald pipette - TD
● Automatic pipette - TD
Procedure for reticulocytes - - ✔️✔️● Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that have lost
their nucleus but still retain a small amount of nuclear material (RNA) and ribosome in
cytoplasm
● New Methylene Blue is a stain used on Reticulocytes. Supravital stains penetrate the living
cell and stain the interior cell structure
● The reticulocyte count is done to determine if the bone marrow is producing cells or
responding to an illness
Procedure for reticulocytes - - ✔️✔️● Method:
1. Place five drops of New Methylene Blue into a 10 x 17 mm test tube
2. Place 5 drops of well mixed EDTA blood into the same tube and mix well
3. Incubate at 37C for 15mins
4. Prepare thin smear
Common agars in microbiology - - ✔️✔️● Blood agar most commonly used
● Chocolate agar used to culture haemophilus and gonorrhea Neisseria
● Sensitivity test medium (Muller-Hinton) similar to blood agar medium
● Transport media (Stuart's) maintains a favorable pH, prevents dehydration and is used to
keep microorganisms alive during transport
Alternative to using fixatives for histology specimens - - ✔️✔️● Cyto-spray
Routine urinalysis - - ✔️✔️● Physical examination
foam
,● Turbidly
o Amorphous Phosphates - white sediment
o Amorphous urates - pink sediment
o Pus
o Blood - smoky or red turbid
o Bacteria - cloudy
o Fat - milky cloudiness
o Chyle - cream colour
Chemical Analysis - ✔️✔️● pH - ph below 7 indicates acid urine, a pH above 7 indicates alkaline
urine - most urines are slightly acidic with a pH of 6.5
● protein - high quantities of protein in urine indicates renal disease
● glucose - detectable glucose occurs where the renal tubules cannot reabsorbs the filtered
glucose load
● Ketones - ketonuria is the excessive metabolism of fat. Diabetes mellitus is the most
important disorder in which ketonuria occurs
● Blood - usually indicates bleeding in the urinary
● Bilirubin - formed from breakdown of red blood cells. Normally it is not detected in the urine
● Urobilligen - is a substance produced when intestinal bacteria breaks the bilirubin ● Nitrate -
detects presence of significant numbers of bacteria in the urine
● Leukocytes - occur when there is an infection in the urinary tract
Grades of purity of chemicals - - ✔️✔️● Reagent. High purity for analytical use. Bottles are often
labeled to show lot analysis and/or maximum limits of impurities.
● ACS. Meets reagent specifications of the American Chemical Society.
● Chemically Pure (CP). Suitable for routine use. Lot analysis not specified.
● USP. Meets the specifications of the United States Pharmacopeia.
● NF. Meets the specifications of the National Formulary.
● Pharmaceutical Grade. Designates products listed in the USP and NF compendia. 15
, what si the best for blood gases - ✔️✔️sodium heparin
Which of the following tests performed on donor packed cells is the most important in the
prevention of an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction? - ✔️✔️abo
Which of the following tests performed on donor packed cells is the most important in the
prevention of an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction? - ✔️✔️450 ml
Plasma proteins are made by the: - ✔️✔️liver
212. Albumin - ✔️✔️Maintains blood volume and pH balance
213. Globulin - ✔️✔️antibodies against disease
214. Fibrinogen - ✔️✔️blood clotting protein
215. Prothrombin - ✔️✔️blood clotting protein
The chemical; messengers secreted directly into the blood by endocrine glands are: -
✔️✔️horomones
Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide with an affinity 100 times that of oxygen is -
✔️✔️Carboxyhemoglobin
The following is essential to the oxygen-carrying capacity of a molecule of hemoglobin - ✔️✔️iron
Which of the following are Romanowski stains? - ✔️✔️Wright's
verified Answers
Romanowski stain - ✔️✔️Stain available in either one step or three step formulations that usually
contain a fixative and buffered solutions
● Wrights
● Leishman
● Giemsa
● May Grunwald
Micro stains - Gram Stain- - ✔️✔️contains bacteria according to composition of cell wall ● Gram
positive - retain primary stain - crystal violet - dark blue purple color - extra cellular. Outside cell
Gram negative - - ✔️✔️lose primary stain, retains counterstain - safarin - pink red colour -
intracellular, based on difference in bacterial cell walls
Procedures for determining specific gravity - - ✔️✔️● Use a refractometer - eye spy machine
● Urine dip sticks
● TS meter (total solid)
● Urinometer
● Falling drop
● Osmoarality
Information provided with swabs being sent to microbiology - - ✔️✔️● Accession number, name,
date of birth
● Source of specimen required
Types of pipettes and how they are used - - ✔️✔️● Volumetric pipette - calibrated to deliver (td)
,● serological pipette - blowout to last drop (tc)
● Folin-Oswald pipette - TD
● Automatic pipette - TD
Procedure for reticulocytes - - ✔️✔️● Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that have lost
their nucleus but still retain a small amount of nuclear material (RNA) and ribosome in
cytoplasm
● New Methylene Blue is a stain used on Reticulocytes. Supravital stains penetrate the living
cell and stain the interior cell structure
● The reticulocyte count is done to determine if the bone marrow is producing cells or
responding to an illness
Procedure for reticulocytes - - ✔️✔️● Method:
1. Place five drops of New Methylene Blue into a 10 x 17 mm test tube
2. Place 5 drops of well mixed EDTA blood into the same tube and mix well
3. Incubate at 37C for 15mins
4. Prepare thin smear
Common agars in microbiology - - ✔️✔️● Blood agar most commonly used
● Chocolate agar used to culture haemophilus and gonorrhea Neisseria
● Sensitivity test medium (Muller-Hinton) similar to blood agar medium
● Transport media (Stuart's) maintains a favorable pH, prevents dehydration and is used to
keep microorganisms alive during transport
Alternative to using fixatives for histology specimens - - ✔️✔️● Cyto-spray
Routine urinalysis - - ✔️✔️● Physical examination
foam
,● Turbidly
o Amorphous Phosphates - white sediment
o Amorphous urates - pink sediment
o Pus
o Blood - smoky or red turbid
o Bacteria - cloudy
o Fat - milky cloudiness
o Chyle - cream colour
Chemical Analysis - ✔️✔️● pH - ph below 7 indicates acid urine, a pH above 7 indicates alkaline
urine - most urines are slightly acidic with a pH of 6.5
● protein - high quantities of protein in urine indicates renal disease
● glucose - detectable glucose occurs where the renal tubules cannot reabsorbs the filtered
glucose load
● Ketones - ketonuria is the excessive metabolism of fat. Diabetes mellitus is the most
important disorder in which ketonuria occurs
● Blood - usually indicates bleeding in the urinary
● Bilirubin - formed from breakdown of red blood cells. Normally it is not detected in the urine
● Urobilligen - is a substance produced when intestinal bacteria breaks the bilirubin ● Nitrate -
detects presence of significant numbers of bacteria in the urine
● Leukocytes - occur when there is an infection in the urinary tract
Grades of purity of chemicals - - ✔️✔️● Reagent. High purity for analytical use. Bottles are often
labeled to show lot analysis and/or maximum limits of impurities.
● ACS. Meets reagent specifications of the American Chemical Society.
● Chemically Pure (CP). Suitable for routine use. Lot analysis not specified.
● USP. Meets the specifications of the United States Pharmacopeia.
● NF. Meets the specifications of the National Formulary.
● Pharmaceutical Grade. Designates products listed in the USP and NF compendia. 15
, what si the best for blood gases - ✔️✔️sodium heparin
Which of the following tests performed on donor packed cells is the most important in the
prevention of an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction? - ✔️✔️abo
Which of the following tests performed on donor packed cells is the most important in the
prevention of an immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction? - ✔️✔️450 ml
Plasma proteins are made by the: - ✔️✔️liver
212. Albumin - ✔️✔️Maintains blood volume and pH balance
213. Globulin - ✔️✔️antibodies against disease
214. Fibrinogen - ✔️✔️blood clotting protein
215. Prothrombin - ✔️✔️blood clotting protein
The chemical; messengers secreted directly into the blood by endocrine glands are: -
✔️✔️horomones
Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide with an affinity 100 times that of oxygen is -
✔️✔️Carboxyhemoglobin
The following is essential to the oxygen-carrying capacity of a molecule of hemoglobin - ✔️✔️iron
Which of the following are Romanowski stains? - ✔️✔️Wright's
