HED Test Questions with 100% verified
Answers
Health Belief Model (HBM) - ✔️✔️Addresses perceptions of a threat and appraisal of the
recommended behavior. Developed to help explain why people did(n't) use health services.
Constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers, perceived
benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, reduction of thread, likelihood of taking action
The concept that identifies the feeling of competency to overcome perceived barriers to take
action is referred to as (SELF-EFFICACY).
In the Health Belief Model, the threat of diseases is made up of (PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY
AND SEVERITY).
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) - ✔️✔️An individual's intention to perform a given behavior is a
function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their beliefs about what relevant
others think they should do (PEER PRESSURE), and their perception of ease of behavior. Can
explain all volitional behavior.
Constructs: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, actual
behavioral control
"Do others think I should behave this way?" and "How much do I care what others think?" are
questions that come from what part of the Theory of Planned Behavior? (SUBJECTIVE NORM).
TRUE: The Theory of Planned Behavior is used to predict an individual's intended behavior.
Stage Models - ✔️✔️Ordered set of categories into which people can be classified, which identify
factors that could induce movement between categories. States are defined, ordered, there are
common barriers to change within stage, and different barriers between stages.
,Transtheoretical Model (TTM) - ✔️✔️Most often used for chronic problems like drug use or
smoking. Not things that have relatively low incentives against them, like vaccination. It is used
to understand how individuals/populations progress toward adopting/maintaining health
behavior. Individual, small group theories about how to get people to change behavior.
Four major constructs:
• Stages of change
(1) Precontemplation (not intending to change)
(2) Contemplation (intending to change w/in 6 mos)
(3) Preparation (actively planning change)
(4) Action (overtly making changes)
(5) Maintenance (taking steps to sustain change and resist temptation to relapse)
• Processes of change
• Self-efficacy
• Decisional balance
(TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL) is considered an intrapersonal theory/model.
According to the Transtheoretical Model, an individual is not ready for behavior change if
he/she is in the (PRE-CONTEMPLATION) stage.
Diffusion Theory - ✔️✔️Part of the community level of influence. Explains the diffusion of
innovations in populations - the pattern of adoption of innovations. Consumers are referred to
as adopters, and can be placed in different categories. Adopters are categorized on the basis of
when they adopt innovations
• Innovators: venturesome, risky, daring
• Early adopters: interested but don't want to be the first. Respected, looked at as opinion
leaders
, • Early majority: interested in innovation but need external motivation to get involved
• Late majority: skeptics
• Laggards: DABs
In the Diffusion Theory, which classification of people is least likely to adapt to change?
(LAGGARDS)
PRECEDE-PROCEED - ✔️✔️A planning model. Its underlying approach begins by identifying the
desired outcome, then determining the cause, and then designing an intervention. Starts with
final consequences and works backward to the causes.
The three evaluation phases are generally associated with which portion of the PRECEDE-
PROCEED model? (PROCEED)
The components of the PRECEDE model place emphasis on (ASSESSMENT)
The components of the PROCEED model place emphasis on (EVALUATION).
PRECEDE - ✔️✔️A series of assessments to generate info to guide subsequent decisions. Stands
for predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/ecological diagnosis and
evaluation.
1. Social assessment: objective/subjective priorities
2. Epidemiological assessment: extent, distribution, and causes of health problems in a
population
3. Educational & ecological assessment: predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing
beliefs/behaviors. Then social and physical characteristics that interact with behavior to
influence health
4. Administrative & policy assessment and intervention alignment: organizational strengths and
weaknesses. l Matching strategies and interventions to priorities and opportunities.
Answers
Health Belief Model (HBM) - ✔️✔️Addresses perceptions of a threat and appraisal of the
recommended behavior. Developed to help explain why people did(n't) use health services.
Constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived barriers, perceived
benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, reduction of thread, likelihood of taking action
The concept that identifies the feeling of competency to overcome perceived barriers to take
action is referred to as (SELF-EFFICACY).
In the Health Belief Model, the threat of diseases is made up of (PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY
AND SEVERITY).
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) - ✔️✔️An individual's intention to perform a given behavior is a
function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their beliefs about what relevant
others think they should do (PEER PRESSURE), and their perception of ease of behavior. Can
explain all volitional behavior.
Constructs: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, actual
behavioral control
"Do others think I should behave this way?" and "How much do I care what others think?" are
questions that come from what part of the Theory of Planned Behavior? (SUBJECTIVE NORM).
TRUE: The Theory of Planned Behavior is used to predict an individual's intended behavior.
Stage Models - ✔️✔️Ordered set of categories into which people can be classified, which identify
factors that could induce movement between categories. States are defined, ordered, there are
common barriers to change within stage, and different barriers between stages.
,Transtheoretical Model (TTM) - ✔️✔️Most often used for chronic problems like drug use or
smoking. Not things that have relatively low incentives against them, like vaccination. It is used
to understand how individuals/populations progress toward adopting/maintaining health
behavior. Individual, small group theories about how to get people to change behavior.
Four major constructs:
• Stages of change
(1) Precontemplation (not intending to change)
(2) Contemplation (intending to change w/in 6 mos)
(3) Preparation (actively planning change)
(4) Action (overtly making changes)
(5) Maintenance (taking steps to sustain change and resist temptation to relapse)
• Processes of change
• Self-efficacy
• Decisional balance
(TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL) is considered an intrapersonal theory/model.
According to the Transtheoretical Model, an individual is not ready for behavior change if
he/she is in the (PRE-CONTEMPLATION) stage.
Diffusion Theory - ✔️✔️Part of the community level of influence. Explains the diffusion of
innovations in populations - the pattern of adoption of innovations. Consumers are referred to
as adopters, and can be placed in different categories. Adopters are categorized on the basis of
when they adopt innovations
• Innovators: venturesome, risky, daring
• Early adopters: interested but don't want to be the first. Respected, looked at as opinion
leaders
, • Early majority: interested in innovation but need external motivation to get involved
• Late majority: skeptics
• Laggards: DABs
In the Diffusion Theory, which classification of people is least likely to adapt to change?
(LAGGARDS)
PRECEDE-PROCEED - ✔️✔️A planning model. Its underlying approach begins by identifying the
desired outcome, then determining the cause, and then designing an intervention. Starts with
final consequences and works backward to the causes.
The three evaluation phases are generally associated with which portion of the PRECEDE-
PROCEED model? (PROCEED)
The components of the PRECEDE model place emphasis on (ASSESSMENT)
The components of the PROCEED model place emphasis on (EVALUATION).
PRECEDE - ✔️✔️A series of assessments to generate info to guide subsequent decisions. Stands
for predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational/ecological diagnosis and
evaluation.
1. Social assessment: objective/subjective priorities
2. Epidemiological assessment: extent, distribution, and causes of health problems in a
population
3. Educational & ecological assessment: predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing
beliefs/behaviors. Then social and physical characteristics that interact with behavior to
influence health
4. Administrative & policy assessment and intervention alignment: organizational strengths and
weaknesses. l Matching strategies and interventions to priorities and opportunities.
