Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam #2
Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Overview of the Blood
✓ •Blood
✓ •5000ml
✓ •Plasma
✓ •3000ml
Hematocrit defined
✓ - % of RBCs
✓ [higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
✓ - Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs)
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Transport O2
✓ - Small disc shape
✓ - Lifespan = 120 days
✓ - Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
✓ - Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
✓ [after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
✓ - Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic
✓ Cytic = Size of RBCs
✓ Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC
✓ MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
✓ MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of
hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount
of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Normocytic: Normal RBC size
✓ [MCV = 83-99)
✓ - Microcytic: Small RBC size
✓ [MCV = 50-82)
✓ - Macrocytic: Large RBC size
✓ [MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content)
✓ - Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average amount of
hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
✓ [MCHC = 32-36)
✓ - Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
✓ [MCHC is < 32)
✓ - Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
✓ [MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs)
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Defend the body against foreign proteins
✓ - Made in the bone marrow
✓ - 9,000/mm^3
✓ - CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
✓ Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
Bands - {Infective process
✓ -Immature Leukocytes
✓ - Indicate an infective process
✓ - Increase in bands = 12 to 20 or more = shift to the left indicating a bacterial
infection
✓ - If bands are not increased it is a shift to the right and a viral infection
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious process
✓ Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
✓ Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Top Mark !!!
Advanced Pathophysiology Exam #2
Questions and Correct Verified Answers
Overview of the Blood
✓ •Blood
✓ •5000ml
✓ •Plasma
✓ •3000ml
Hematocrit defined
✓ - % of RBCs
✓ [higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
✓ - Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs)
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Transport O2
✓ - Small disc shape
✓ - Lifespan = 120 days
✓ - Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
✓ - Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
✓ [after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
✓ - Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic
✓ Cytic = Size of RBCs
✓ Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC
✓ MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
✓ MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of
hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount
of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Normocytic: Normal RBC size
✓ [MCV = 83-99)
✓ - Microcytic: Small RBC size
✓ [MCV = 50-82)
✓ - Macrocytic: Large RBC size
✓ [MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content)
✓ - Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average amount of
hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
✓ [MCHC = 32-36)
✓ - Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
✓ [MCHC is < 32)
✓ - Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
✓ [MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs)
Top Mark !!!
, Top Mark Questions and Correct Verified Answers
✓ - Defend the body against foreign proteins
✓ - Made in the bone marrow
✓ - 9,000/mm^3
✓ - CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
✓ Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
Bands - {Infective process
✓ -Immature Leukocytes
✓ - Indicate an infective process
✓ - Increase in bands = 12 to 20 or more = shift to the left indicating a bacterial
infection
✓ - If bands are not increased it is a shift to the right and a viral infection
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious process
✓ Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
✓ Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Top Mark !!!
