1. Hoarseness is a general term that describes abnormal voice changes. When you are hoarse, your voice may
sound breathy, raspy, or strained. Or you may have changes in loudness (volume) or how high or low your
voice is (pitch). T or F. The answer is True.
2. . Excessive talking or yelling can strain or injure the vocal cords. T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
Other activities that can lead to straining or injuring the vocal cords (vocal abuse) include throat
clearing, coughing, inhaling irritants, smoking, and screaming. Vocal misuse refers to using your voice in a
way that's harmful. This includes speaking too loudly or at an abnormally high or low pitch.
3. . Lawyers and teachers are particularly likely to have vocal abuse and misuse problems. T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
Others at risk include clergy, cheerleaders, and professional voice users such as singers and actors. Much of
the chronic hoarseness in children is caused by vocal abuse or misuse.
4. . Laryngitis is a common result of vocal abuse and misuse. T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
Other disorders include vocal nodules, vocal polyps, and contact ulcers. Health professionals who have
training in voice and voice disorders often refer to these conditions as hyperfunctional voice disorders.
5. . Vocal nodules are also known as "singer's nodes." T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
That's because they are often a problem for professional singers. Vocal nodules are callous-like
growths that usually form in pairs, one on each vocal cord. They form at the area that gets the most pressure
when the cords come together to vibrate. The nodules develop from damage caused by repeated pressure on
the same area. This is much like a callous forms on areas of your feet that are irritated by tight shoes.
6. . If you have laryngitis, your voice will often sound raspy, breathy, and hoarse. T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
Laryngitis is an inflammation or swelling of the vocal cords. It may be caused by overuse of your
voice too much. It may also be caused by bacterial or viral infections, or irritants such as inhaled chemicals
or the backup of stomach acid into the throat (gastroesophageal reflux).
7. . Vocal polyps have been linked to cigarette smoking. T OR F
The correct answer is A. True.
But a polyp may also be linked to:
Decreased activity of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism. The thyroid is involved in the growth and
development of children and energy control in adults.
Gastroesophageal reflux
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