DISASTER MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Disaster - answerAny human-made or natural event causing destruction and devastation that cannot be relieved without assistance. -other info. look at ppt page 1 -Unforeseen, serious, unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality that cannot be alleviated unless assistance is received from others outside the community. Vary by: -Type of onset -Duration of the immediate crisis -Magnitude or scope of the incident -Extent that the event affects the community What are the four stages of disaster involvement? - answer1.) Prevention 2.) Preparedness 3.) Response 4.) Recovery Stage one: Prevention - answer-Realistic -Simple -Flexible -Communities use: ->Education ->Team planning ->Mock disaster events ->Clear assignment of responsibility to HC professionals to design plans to reduce: community vulnerability, to develop disaster response plans and provide training. What is the purpose of disaster planning? - answer-To be prepared -Be able to manage the disaster -How are we going to respond When does disaster management begin? - answer-Way before the disaster occurs Stage two Preparedness - answer1.)Personal preparedness: -Personal checklist -ER supplies kit 2.) Professional preparedness: -Understands workplace/community disaster plans -Participates in disaster drills and community mock disasters. 3.) Community Preparedness: -Office of Emergency Management (OEM) -Nurse reviews diaster history of the community -Be a spokesperson 4.) Mass casualty drills or mock disasters Role of the nurse in disaster preparedness: - answer1.) Help initiate or update the agency's disaster plan. 2.) Provide educational programs and materials regarding disasters specific to the area 3.) Organize disaster drills 4.) Provide an updated record of vulnerable populations within the community 5.) Review individual strategies Stage three Response: - answer-Levels of disaster and agency involvement -Levels determined NOT by number of CASUALTIES but by the AMOUNT of RESOURCES needed. Three ways to classify a disaster: Disaster Type Disaster Level Disaster Scope The National Response Plan (NRP) -15 emergency support functions (ESFs) -> National disaster medical system (NDMS) -> Disaster medical assistance teams (DMATs) Response to bioterrorism 05 components of a comprehensive PH response to outbreaks of illness -How disasters affect communities: -Physical and emotional effects depend on: ->Type, cause, location -> Magnitude and extent of disaster -> Duration of disaster -> Amount of warning -People react to the same disaster in different ways, depending on their age, cultural background, health status, social support structure and general ability to adapt to crises. Shelter management: RNS make ideal shelater managers and team members...page 3 -International relief effors -Psychological stress of disaster workers Degree of stress depends on: ->the nature of the disaster ->Role in the disaster ->Individual stamina -> Noise level -> Adequacy of work space, ->Potential for physical danger ->Stimulus overload ->Being exposed to death and trauma. Three ways to classify a disaster: - answerDisaster Type Disaster Level Disaster Scope Role of the Nurse in disaster response depends on: - answer-Nurse's experience, professional role in a community disaster plan and specialty training and special interest. Role of the nurse in dealing with terrorism: - answer-Help people cope with the aftermath -Allay public concerns and fears of bioterrorism -Id the feelings that you and others may be experiencing -Assist victims to think positively and to move to the future -Prepare nursing personnel to be effective in a crisis/er situation -Crisis management, positive thinking. Stage 4: Recovery - answer-Occurs as ALL involved agencies pull together to restore the economic and civic life of the community. -Stabilization of the community and the return of the disaster area to its previous status -Length varies depending on extent of damage and resources available. Role of the nurse in disaster recovery - answer-Teach proper hygiene -Make sure immunization records are current -Make referrals to mental health professionals -Be alert for environmental hazards -Assess dangers of live or dead animals -Case finding and referral What is an Emergency? - answer-Considered events that require a SWIFT intense response on part of EXISTING community resources. -Ex: Small bush fire, Car accident What are the three types of disasters? - answer1.) Natural -Impact enviro. -Earthquakes, extreme heat, floods, tornados, hurricanes, landslides, tsunamis, volcano eruptions, wildfires, winter weather in NE 2.) Accidental -Result from circumstantial factors: road conditions, human error, physical plant deterioration Ex: Truck carrying toxins flips over on highway 3.) Terrorist attacks -Any action intended to cause death or serious injury to civilians. Disaster management 3 phases: - answer1.) Pre-impact..all steps that can be taken before the disaster occurs 2.) Impact: during 3.) Post impact: after Planning for disasters involves data collection - answer1.) Id of hazards: -all existing and potentially dangerous situations before disasters occur first step in planning for an effective response. -Types and combination of hazards are unique to a community.. -Community specific-natural, chemical, transportation accidents, congregation of large groups -Key steps: study PAST disasters and evaluate historical data -Include areal photos, satellite imagery, geographical info. 2.) Analysis of Vulnerability -Vulnerability analysis predicts who will be most affected and ids community resources that are available for a response. ->Id those at risk for injury death, or loss of property ->ID capacity of community to respond to disaster ->Document pop changes regularly to help keep disaster plans up to date 3.) Assessment of Risk -Probablity of adverse health effects d/t a specific disaster can be calculated. -Often represented as a low, medium, high risk -The resources id'd as most imp. in disaster readiness should then be given the most resources to strengthen them. -Disaster prevention: remove id's hazards, relocate those at risk,provide edu, institute sensors, develop community warning system. Process... - answerlook at page 4 ppt National Response Framework: NRF - answer-Framework that guides how the nation conducts all hazards incident response. -Triggered when the disaster is beyond the capability of the community (state and local gov't can't manage and asks the fed gov't to help) Who has the primary responsibility to coordinate relieft efforts, asking for help from other states and fed. govt? - answer-States Who has the primary responsibility for preparedness and response? - answer-Communities Who has day-day authority and responsibility to oversee ER response programs and response - answerLocal emergency manager Who are the ultimate key starting point for er preparedness? - answer-Individuals Mitigation - answer-Effort to prevent identified risks from causing a disaster -Involves efforts to lessen the impact of a disaster by initiating measures to limit damage, dz, disability and loss of life among the members of a community -Ex: Generators for power failures evacuation plans, land use planning, legislations, insurance. -TERTIARY PREVENTION Incident command system - answer-Common organizational structure implemented to improve ER response. -Timely and coordinated response by developing plans and roles for all involved. -Local *All response begins at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented and responders are deployed. National incident management system - answer-Structured -Flexible -Framework that guides the response to disasters at all levels of governments, private companies, and nongovernmental organizations. What is FEMA? - answer-Federal Emergency Management Agency -Divides the state and territories into 10 regions -State, county, tribal, municipal agencies work independently from fed. program -If the er is deemed of significant magnitude that overcomes community (local and state) efforts then Secretary of Homeland Security will initiate the NRF to release resources to local jurisdictions Adverse health effects after any kind of disaster (Epidemiologic Analysis Report - answer-Continuing death, chronic illness and /or disability -Pop shift if recovery is prolonged -Contamination of food and water supplies with an increased risk of infectious dz -Collapse of local and regional health care access -Increased need to provide mental health services "psychological first aid" for disaster victims and responders. Evaluation - answer-Foundation for EB disaster response -Following a thorough review of the responses, a final report is prepared with recommendations for improving ER response in the future. -Details strengths and weaknesses of response -Submit a plan to improve responses in the future. -Want to know what worked and didn't, plan for the future. Roles of nurses in disaster management - answer-PH nurses as first responders -Just in time training (JITT) during the disaster -Field triage -Point of distribution plans (PODs) ex: Hep vaccines during an outbreak -PPE -Documentation in a disaster: time, place, name of incident commander, general field assessment -Skill building for disaster response; know your duties, skill sets. Who to prioritze first during a disaster? - answer-First: Those who are most critical but savable -Second: Anyone who can wait 30-40 mins. -Third: Minor injuries What can you