CHAPTER 6 - MBA 704 – KUNGU
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Motivation is a hypothetical construct that is used to help explain behavior; it should not be
equated with behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need
that activates a behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
An incentive is defined as anything that will alleviate the needs and increase the drive. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Primary motives must be unlearned, and it must be physiologically based. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
In order to be included under the category of secondary motives, the motive must be learned.
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Intrinsic motives include the drive to avoid punishment, such as termination or being
transferred. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
According to Maslow, one of the needs identified is the love need, however there are
instances where there are misleading connotations, such as sex, which is essentially a
physiological need. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Maslow did not point out that the esteem needs consist of both self-esteem and esteem from
others. He mainly conceded the importance of esteem of others. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
FALSE
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory does make a significant contribution in terms of making
management aware of the diverse needs of employees at work. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
TRUE
,Tabulating the results from the critical incident method, Herzberg concluded that job
satisfiers are related to job context and that job dissatisfiers are allied to job content. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
The term hygiene, in Herzberg's theory, refers to those factors that prevent dissatisfaction. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The fact that there are a higher number of employees who are dissatisfied with the raise they
get points out that the hygiene factors seem to be important in preventing dissatisfaction but
do not lead to satisfaction. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
According to the Porter-Lawler model, the inference is that employees need to better focus
their efforts on high-impact behaviors and activities that result in higher performance. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The roots of Porter-Lawler expectancy theory of work motivation can be traced back to
cognitive dissonance theory and exchange theory. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Inequity occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to other's
outcomes and the ratio of a relevant other's input to his or her inputs are unequal. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Equity theory supports a perception of distributive justice, which is an individual's cognitive
evaluation regarding whether or not the amounts and allocations of rewards in a social setting
are fair. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Interactional justice is the exchange between the employee and the employing organization. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Attribution theory is concerned with the relationship between personal social perception and
interpersonal behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
, Harold Kelly stressed that attribution theory is concerned with the intuitive processes by
which an individual interprets behavior as being attributed to certain parts of the relevant
environment. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Employees who perceive external control feel that they personally can influence their
outcomes through their own ability, skills or effort. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Attributions are related to organizational symbolism, which in effect says that in order to
understand organizations, one must recognize their symbolic nature. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
According to the dimensions that Kelley suggests, if there is a high consensus, high
consistency, and high distinctiveness, then attribution to external or situational/environmental
causes will probably be made. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
In self-serving bias, people tend to attribute others' behavior to personal factors such as
intelligence, etc. even when it is clear that the situation caused by the person to behave the
way he or she did. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
One version of the control theory is essentially a cognitive phenomenon relating to the degree
that individuals perceive they are in control of their own lives, or are in control of their jobs. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
One of the main advantages of the agency theory is that it strongly emphasizes the roles that
various forms of extrinsic and intrinsic motives play in shaping behaviors. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
The nature of work is changing due to a blurring of the distinction between on-work and off-
work time. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The primary disadvantage of job rotation is that after the experience of each new task, the
workers want to go back to where they started off from. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Task identity refers to job independence. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Motivation is a hypothetical construct that is used to help explain behavior; it should not be
equated with behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency or need
that activates a behavior or drive that is aimed at a goal or incentive. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
An incentive is defined as anything that will alleviate the needs and increase the drive. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Primary motives must be unlearned, and it must be physiologically based. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
In order to be included under the category of secondary motives, the motive must be learned.
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Intrinsic motives include the drive to avoid punishment, such as termination or being
transferred. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
According to Maslow, one of the needs identified is the love need, however there are
instances where there are misleading connotations, such as sex, which is essentially a
physiological need. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Maslow did not point out that the esteem needs consist of both self-esteem and esteem from
others. He mainly conceded the importance of esteem of others. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
FALSE
Maslow's needs hierarchy theory does make a significant contribution in terms of making
management aware of the diverse needs of employees at work. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
TRUE
,Tabulating the results from the critical incident method, Herzberg concluded that job
satisfiers are related to job context and that job dissatisfiers are allied to job content. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
The term hygiene, in Herzberg's theory, refers to those factors that prevent dissatisfaction. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The fact that there are a higher number of employees who are dissatisfied with the raise they
get points out that the hygiene factors seem to be important in preventing dissatisfaction but
do not lead to satisfaction. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
According to the Porter-Lawler model, the inference is that employees need to better focus
their efforts on high-impact behaviors and activities that result in higher performance. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The roots of Porter-Lawler expectancy theory of work motivation can be traced back to
cognitive dissonance theory and exchange theory. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Inequity occurs when a person perceives that the ratio of his or her outcomes to other's
outcomes and the ratio of a relevant other's input to his or her inputs are unequal. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Equity theory supports a perception of distributive justice, which is an individual's cognitive
evaluation regarding whether or not the amounts and allocations of rewards in a social setting
are fair. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
Interactional justice is the exchange between the employee and the employing organization. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Attribution theory is concerned with the relationship between personal social perception and
interpersonal behavior. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
, Harold Kelly stressed that attribution theory is concerned with the intuitive processes by
which an individual interprets behavior as being attributed to certain parts of the relevant
environment. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Employees who perceive external control feel that they personally can influence their
outcomes through their own ability, skills or effort. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Attributions are related to organizational symbolism, which in effect says that in order to
understand organizations, one must recognize their symbolic nature. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
According to the dimensions that Kelley suggests, if there is a high consensus, high
consistency, and high distinctiveness, then attribution to external or situational/environmental
causes will probably be made. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
In self-serving bias, people tend to attribute others' behavior to personal factors such as
intelligence, etc. even when it is clear that the situation caused by the person to behave the
way he or she did. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
One version of the control theory is essentially a cognitive phenomenon relating to the degree
that individuals perceive they are in control of their own lives, or are in control of their jobs. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
One of the main advantages of the agency theory is that it strongly emphasizes the roles that
various forms of extrinsic and intrinsic motives play in shaping behaviors. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
The nature of work is changing due to a blurring of the distinction between on-work and off-
work time. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
The primary disadvantage of job rotation is that after the experience of each new task, the
workers want to go back to where they started off from. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
Task identity refers to job independence. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- FALSE
