PHMY 610 - Exam 4 (new material)
Questions And Verified Answers
are enterobacterales falcultative or non-facultative anaerobes? - Answer facultative
Enterobacterales are catalase what? - Answer positive
Enterobacterales are oxidase what? - Answer negative
what is a distinguishing factor of Enterobacterales? - Answer they ferment glucose
(some lactose)
Enterobacterales all contain a heat-stable lipopolysaccharide that is composed of what
3 things? - Answer 1. O polysaccharide
2. common antigen
3. Lipid A
Lipid A is an endotoxin, but also considered what else for Enterobacterales? - Answer a
virulence factor
Most Enterobacterales are motile with peritrichous flagella, except what 3 bugs? -
Answer 1. Klebsilla
2. Shigella
3. Yersinia
Where in the human body are Enterobacterales commonly found? - Answer urinary
tract, vagina (females), and small intestine
what are some other virulence factors for Enterobacterales other than Lipid A
(endotoxin)? - Answer hydrophilic capsule, antigenic phase variation, sequestration of
growth factors, resistance to serum killing, antimicrobial resistance
what is the most common medically important Enterobacterales? - Answer Escherichia
coli
what type of media does MacConkey agar represent? - Answer selective and differential
media
what are the selective ingredients for MacConkey agar? - Answer bile salts and crystal
violet dye
what type of bacteria does MacConkey agar limit the growth of? - Answer gram-positive
bacteria
what is the differential ingredients of MacConkey agar? - Answer lactose
,colorless colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - Answer nonlactose
fermenters
pink colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - Answer lactose fermenters
what are 4 examples of non-lactose-fermenters? - Answer 1. Salmonella spp.
2. Shigella spp.
3. Proteus spp.
4. Serratia spp.
what are 4 examples of lactose-fermenters? - Answer 1. Escherichia coli
2. Klebsiella spp.
3. Enterobacter spp.
4. Citrobacter spp.
What is an exception to the Citrobacter spp. being lactose-fermenters? - Answer C.
koseri
what does the spot indole test determine? - Answer the presence of the enzyme
tryptophanase, which converts tryptophan into indole
what results from a spot indole test indicate indole + and lactose fermenters? - Answer
blue or blue-green color
what results from a spot indole test indicate indole - and lactose fermenters? - Answer
light pink or colorless
what are some examples of Indole + and Lactose fermenters? - Answer Escherichia coli
and Klebsiella oxytoca
what are some examples of Indole - and Lactose fermenters? - Answer Enterobacter
cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii
what does the oxidase test determine? - Answer production of cytochrome c oxidase
what is the oxidase reagent? - Answer tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Where does Escherichia coli typically colonize? - Answer the GI tract
when does Escherichia coli typically cause infection? - Answer when specialized
virulence factors are acquired
What other disease states is Escherichia coli associated with? - Answer gastroenteritis,
UTI's, meningitis, and sepsis
what is the most common bug with Escherichia coli? - Answer urinary tract infections
, what type of agar does Escherichia coli undergo hemolysis? - Answer blood agar
what are the 3 types of Escherichia coli that are associated with the small intestine? -
Answer 1. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
2. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPAC)
3. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)
what are the 2 types of Escherichia coli that are associated with the large intestine? -
Answer 1. Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia (STEC)
2. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
how is most Escherichia coli transmitted? - Answer fecal to oral exposure
(contaminated foods)
what is an exception to Escherichia coli transmission? - Answer STEC is transmitted
person to person
What types of diarrhea are associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)? -
Answer traveler's diarrhea and infant diarrhea
what are some symptoms associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli? - Answer
watery diarrhea, n/v, cramps, and low-grade fever
what is the pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli? - Answer Heat stable (Sta
and Stb) and Heat labile (LT-I and LT-II) enterotoxins stimulate hypersecretion of fluids
how is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diagnosed? - Answer immunoassays and PCR
what are most US outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli a result of? - Answer
from ST-producing strains
What type(s) of diarrhea are associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? -
Answer infant diarrhea
what are symptoms are Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? - Answer watery,
non-bloody diarrhea, and vomiting
what is the pathogenesis of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? - Answer
plasmid-mediated attachments and effacement that causes loss of normal microvillus
structure
how is Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diagnosed? - Answer probes and
amplification for plasmids and gene targets, as well as adherence to Hep-2 cells
what type(s) of diarrhea are associated with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli? -
Answer infant diarrhea and travelers diarrhea
what is Shiga Toxin producing Escherichia coli associated with? - Answer
Questions And Verified Answers
are enterobacterales falcultative or non-facultative anaerobes? - Answer facultative
Enterobacterales are catalase what? - Answer positive
Enterobacterales are oxidase what? - Answer negative
what is a distinguishing factor of Enterobacterales? - Answer they ferment glucose
(some lactose)
Enterobacterales all contain a heat-stable lipopolysaccharide that is composed of what
3 things? - Answer 1. O polysaccharide
2. common antigen
3. Lipid A
Lipid A is an endotoxin, but also considered what else for Enterobacterales? - Answer a
virulence factor
Most Enterobacterales are motile with peritrichous flagella, except what 3 bugs? -
Answer 1. Klebsilla
2. Shigella
3. Yersinia
Where in the human body are Enterobacterales commonly found? - Answer urinary
tract, vagina (females), and small intestine
what are some other virulence factors for Enterobacterales other than Lipid A
(endotoxin)? - Answer hydrophilic capsule, antigenic phase variation, sequestration of
growth factors, resistance to serum killing, antimicrobial resistance
what is the most common medically important Enterobacterales? - Answer Escherichia
coli
what type of media does MacConkey agar represent? - Answer selective and differential
media
what are the selective ingredients for MacConkey agar? - Answer bile salts and crystal
violet dye
what type of bacteria does MacConkey agar limit the growth of? - Answer gram-positive
bacteria
what is the differential ingredients of MacConkey agar? - Answer lactose
,colorless colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - Answer nonlactose
fermenters
pink colonies on a MacConkey agar represent what? - Answer lactose fermenters
what are 4 examples of non-lactose-fermenters? - Answer 1. Salmonella spp.
2. Shigella spp.
3. Proteus spp.
4. Serratia spp.
what are 4 examples of lactose-fermenters? - Answer 1. Escherichia coli
2. Klebsiella spp.
3. Enterobacter spp.
4. Citrobacter spp.
What is an exception to the Citrobacter spp. being lactose-fermenters? - Answer C.
koseri
what does the spot indole test determine? - Answer the presence of the enzyme
tryptophanase, which converts tryptophan into indole
what results from a spot indole test indicate indole + and lactose fermenters? - Answer
blue or blue-green color
what results from a spot indole test indicate indole - and lactose fermenters? - Answer
light pink or colorless
what are some examples of Indole + and Lactose fermenters? - Answer Escherichia coli
and Klebsiella oxytoca
what are some examples of Indole - and Lactose fermenters? - Answer Enterobacter
cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Citrobacter freundii
what does the oxidase test determine? - Answer production of cytochrome c oxidase
what is the oxidase reagent? - Answer tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Where does Escherichia coli typically colonize? - Answer the GI tract
when does Escherichia coli typically cause infection? - Answer when specialized
virulence factors are acquired
What other disease states is Escherichia coli associated with? - Answer gastroenteritis,
UTI's, meningitis, and sepsis
what is the most common bug with Escherichia coli? - Answer urinary tract infections
, what type of agar does Escherichia coli undergo hemolysis? - Answer blood agar
what are the 3 types of Escherichia coli that are associated with the small intestine? -
Answer 1. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
2. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPAC)
3. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC)
what are the 2 types of Escherichia coli that are associated with the large intestine? -
Answer 1. Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia (STEC)
2. Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
how is most Escherichia coli transmitted? - Answer fecal to oral exposure
(contaminated foods)
what is an exception to Escherichia coli transmission? - Answer STEC is transmitted
person to person
What types of diarrhea are associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)? -
Answer traveler's diarrhea and infant diarrhea
what are some symptoms associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli? - Answer
watery diarrhea, n/v, cramps, and low-grade fever
what is the pathogenesis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli? - Answer Heat stable (Sta
and Stb) and Heat labile (LT-I and LT-II) enterotoxins stimulate hypersecretion of fluids
how is enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diagnosed? - Answer immunoassays and PCR
what are most US outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli a result of? - Answer
from ST-producing strains
What type(s) of diarrhea are associated with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? -
Answer infant diarrhea
what are symptoms are Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? - Answer watery,
non-bloody diarrhea, and vomiting
what is the pathogenesis of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli? - Answer
plasmid-mediated attachments and effacement that causes loss of normal microvillus
structure
how is Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diagnosed? - Answer probes and
amplification for plasmids and gene targets, as well as adherence to Hep-2 cells
what type(s) of diarrhea are associated with Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli? -
Answer infant diarrhea and travelers diarrhea
what is Shiga Toxin producing Escherichia coli associated with? - Answer
