PHS3300 - Cardiovascular
System Exam Study Set
Thrombus - Answer a stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the
heart
Embolus - Answer Part of a thrombus breaks free, travel in the bloodstream & lodges at
a distal site
arteriosclerosis - Answer general term meaning 'hardening or thickening'of the arterial
wall
Artherosclerosis - Answer a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery wall
thickens
Aneurysms - Answer localized dilation of an arterial wall / represents a weakened area
in the artery that may eventually rupture (true = everything dilates and there is overall
budging, false = dissection aortic - a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that
seperates away from the rest of the layer)
Valvular incompetence - Answer incompetent valve allows two-way flow → venous
insufficiency (backflow)
Deep vein thrombosis - Answer Acute venous obstruction is most frequently secondary
to a thrombus in a deep vein of the lower extremities.
Lymphedema - Answer accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitium (space
between cells) → inflammatory response, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose tissue &
fibrosis
primary lymphedema - Answer congenital anomaly or lymphatic system dysfunction
secondary lymphedema - Answer infection by filarial worm or latrogenic accumulation
of lymphatic fluid
hypertension - Answer results from a sustained increase in peripheral resistance
(arteriolar vasoconstriction), an increase in circulating blood volume, or both.
primary hypertension - Answer denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause
(idiopathic) - isolated systolic, isolated diastolic and combined systolic and diastolic
secondary hypertension - Answer high blood pressure caused by the effects of another
disease
preeclampsia - Answer abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high
blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
, hypertensive crisis - Answer acute increase in blood pressure (hypertensive
emergencies and hypertensive urgency)
orthostatic hypotension - Answer A form of low blood pressure that happens when
standing up from sitting or lying down.
electrocardiography - Answer process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
magnetic resonance imaging & computed tomography - Answer Useful for imaging
cardiac structures - myocardial thickening, coronary plaque burden
echocardiography - Answer Uses reflected sound waves (ultrasound) to provide an
image of cardiac structure and motion within the chest - diagnosis of heart enlargement,
valvular disorders, collection of fluid in the pericardial space, cardiac tumours, and
abnormalities in L ventricular motion
nuclear cardiography - Answer Radioactive substances injected into the bloodstream
are used to trace the patterns of blood flow in the heart - cold spots for inadequate
perfusion
cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography - Answer Directly measure pressures
within cardiac chambers; visualize chamber size, shape, and movement - visualization
of coronary arteries
coronary heart disease - Answer characterized by insufficient delivery of oxygenated
blood to the myocardium (ischemia - hypoxia) because of atherosclerotic coronary
arteries (CAD)
cardiac ischemia - Answer occurs when the oxygen supply is insufficient to meet
metabolic demands (perfusion does not match workload)
coronary syndromes - Answer Five distinct clinical syndromes differentiated according
to the severity & onset of symptoms. Result based on the timing and severity of a
myocardial ischemic insult
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answer associated with acute changes in plaque
morphology and thrombosis; abrupt onset and can be life-threatening (plaque disruption
and thrombus formation → acute occlusion → ACS)
Angina pectoris - Answer Intermittent chest pain → MI → cell death (stable and
prinzmetal variant)
myocardial infarction - Answer Disruption of blood flow to the myocardium leading to
cell death
chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy - Answer heart failure that develops insidiously due to
progressive ischemic myocardial damage.
sudden cardiac death - Answer Unexpected death from cardiac causes within 1 hr of
System Exam Study Set
Thrombus - Answer a stationary blood clot formed within a vessel or a chamber of the
heart
Embolus - Answer Part of a thrombus breaks free, travel in the bloodstream & lodges at
a distal site
arteriosclerosis - Answer general term meaning 'hardening or thickening'of the arterial
wall
Artherosclerosis - Answer a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which an artery wall
thickens
Aneurysms - Answer localized dilation of an arterial wall / represents a weakened area
in the artery that may eventually rupture (true = everything dilates and there is overall
budging, false = dissection aortic - a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that
seperates away from the rest of the layer)
Valvular incompetence - Answer incompetent valve allows two-way flow → venous
insufficiency (backflow)
Deep vein thrombosis - Answer Acute venous obstruction is most frequently secondary
to a thrombus in a deep vein of the lower extremities.
Lymphedema - Answer accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitium (space
between cells) → inflammatory response, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose tissue &
fibrosis
primary lymphedema - Answer congenital anomaly or lymphatic system dysfunction
secondary lymphedema - Answer infection by filarial worm or latrogenic accumulation
of lymphatic fluid
hypertension - Answer results from a sustained increase in peripheral resistance
(arteriolar vasoconstriction), an increase in circulating blood volume, or both.
primary hypertension - Answer denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause
(idiopathic) - isolated systolic, isolated diastolic and combined systolic and diastolic
secondary hypertension - Answer high blood pressure caused by the effects of another
disease
preeclampsia - Answer abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high
blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
, hypertensive crisis - Answer acute increase in blood pressure (hypertensive
emergencies and hypertensive urgency)
orthostatic hypotension - Answer A form of low blood pressure that happens when
standing up from sitting or lying down.
electrocardiography - Answer process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
magnetic resonance imaging & computed tomography - Answer Useful for imaging
cardiac structures - myocardial thickening, coronary plaque burden
echocardiography - Answer Uses reflected sound waves (ultrasound) to provide an
image of cardiac structure and motion within the chest - diagnosis of heart enlargement,
valvular disorders, collection of fluid in the pericardial space, cardiac tumours, and
abnormalities in L ventricular motion
nuclear cardiography - Answer Radioactive substances injected into the bloodstream
are used to trace the patterns of blood flow in the heart - cold spots for inadequate
perfusion
cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography - Answer Directly measure pressures
within cardiac chambers; visualize chamber size, shape, and movement - visualization
of coronary arteries
coronary heart disease - Answer characterized by insufficient delivery of oxygenated
blood to the myocardium (ischemia - hypoxia) because of atherosclerotic coronary
arteries (CAD)
cardiac ischemia - Answer occurs when the oxygen supply is insufficient to meet
metabolic demands (perfusion does not match workload)
coronary syndromes - Answer Five distinct clinical syndromes differentiated according
to the severity & onset of symptoms. Result based on the timing and severity of a
myocardial ischemic insult
acute coronary syndrome (ACS) - Answer associated with acute changes in plaque
morphology and thrombosis; abrupt onset and can be life-threatening (plaque disruption
and thrombus formation → acute occlusion → ACS)
Angina pectoris - Answer Intermittent chest pain → MI → cell death (stable and
prinzmetal variant)
myocardial infarction - Answer Disruption of blood flow to the myocardium leading to
cell death
chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy - Answer heart failure that develops insidiously due to
progressive ischemic myocardial damage.
sudden cardiac death - Answer Unexpected death from cardiac causes within 1 hr of
