HNF 150 EXAM 2 | 187 QUESTIONS | WITH
ALREADY PASSED ANSWERS!!
Structure of protein Answer - composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen and arranged as strands of amino acids
Three components of amino acids Answer - amine group, acid group, side
chain
How many essential amino acids exist? Answer - 9
Why are adequate amounts of all essential amino acids required for protein
synthesis? Answer - without essential amino acids the body can't make the
proteins that it needs to do work
What factors differentiates protein? Answer - ...
7 roles of protein in the body Answer - support growth and maintenance,
building enzymes and hormones and other compounds, building antibodies,
maintaining acid base balance, transport substances, maintaining fluid and
electrolyte balance, and energy.
In the stomach Answer - acid denatures the protein strands, and an enzyme
cleaves amino acid strands into polypeptides and a few amino acids
In the small intestine Answer - enzymes from pancreas and intestine split
peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides and amino acids
,enzymes on intestine surface lining split tripeptides and dipeptides. the
intestinal cells absorb and transfer amino acids into blood stream
Bloodstream Answer - carries amino acids to the liver where they are used or
released into the blood to be taken up by other cells of the body
Nitrogen balance study Answer - compare nitrogen lost by excretion to the
nitrogen eaten in food, consumed compared to excreted in a time period.
measure losses through urine, feces, sweat, and skin
Nitrogen balance Answer - Nitrogen balance=
Nintake-(Nurine+Nsweat+Nfeces+Nskin)
Mutual supplementation (aka complementary proteins) Answer - combining
two incomplete protein sources so that the amino acids in one food can make
up for those lacking in other food
Vegetarian meal plans containing complementary proteins Answer - without
meat. additional servings of milk, bread, and eggs will help add to your servings
of protein. Grains and AA of legumes go together
Protein calorie malnutrition Answer - Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
Marasmus Answer - Less than 2 y
Severe deprivation or impaired absorption of protein, energy, vit, min
Develops slowly
, Severe weight loss
Severe muscle wasting with fat loss
Growth: <60% weight-for-age
No edema
No fatty liver
Anxiety, apathy
Appetite may be normal or impaired
Hair is sparse and thin
Skin is dry, thin and wrinkled
Kwashiorkor Answer - 1 - 3 y
Inadequate protein intake or infections
Rapid onset
Some weight loss
Some muscle wasting
Growth: 60-80% weight-for-age
Edema
Enlarged fatty liver
Apathy, misery, irritability, sadness
Loss of appetite
Hair is dry, brittle, changes color
Skin lesions
Too much animal protein Answer - contain saturated fat, low fiber, calcium loss
with purified protein, kidney problems, chronic diseases, cancer connection,
colon and rectum risk increase with red meat and processed meats
ALREADY PASSED ANSWERS!!
Structure of protein Answer - composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen and arranged as strands of amino acids
Three components of amino acids Answer - amine group, acid group, side
chain
How many essential amino acids exist? Answer - 9
Why are adequate amounts of all essential amino acids required for protein
synthesis? Answer - without essential amino acids the body can't make the
proteins that it needs to do work
What factors differentiates protein? Answer - ...
7 roles of protein in the body Answer - support growth and maintenance,
building enzymes and hormones and other compounds, building antibodies,
maintaining acid base balance, transport substances, maintaining fluid and
electrolyte balance, and energy.
In the stomach Answer - acid denatures the protein strands, and an enzyme
cleaves amino acid strands into polypeptides and a few amino acids
In the small intestine Answer - enzymes from pancreas and intestine split
peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides and amino acids
,enzymes on intestine surface lining split tripeptides and dipeptides. the
intestinal cells absorb and transfer amino acids into blood stream
Bloodstream Answer - carries amino acids to the liver where they are used or
released into the blood to be taken up by other cells of the body
Nitrogen balance study Answer - compare nitrogen lost by excretion to the
nitrogen eaten in food, consumed compared to excreted in a time period.
measure losses through urine, feces, sweat, and skin
Nitrogen balance Answer - Nitrogen balance=
Nintake-(Nurine+Nsweat+Nfeces+Nskin)
Mutual supplementation (aka complementary proteins) Answer - combining
two incomplete protein sources so that the amino acids in one food can make
up for those lacking in other food
Vegetarian meal plans containing complementary proteins Answer - without
meat. additional servings of milk, bread, and eggs will help add to your servings
of protein. Grains and AA of legumes go together
Protein calorie malnutrition Answer - Marasmus and Kwashiorkor
Marasmus Answer - Less than 2 y
Severe deprivation or impaired absorption of protein, energy, vit, min
Develops slowly
, Severe weight loss
Severe muscle wasting with fat loss
Growth: <60% weight-for-age
No edema
No fatty liver
Anxiety, apathy
Appetite may be normal or impaired
Hair is sparse and thin
Skin is dry, thin and wrinkled
Kwashiorkor Answer - 1 - 3 y
Inadequate protein intake or infections
Rapid onset
Some weight loss
Some muscle wasting
Growth: 60-80% weight-for-age
Edema
Enlarged fatty liver
Apathy, misery, irritability, sadness
Loss of appetite
Hair is dry, brittle, changes color
Skin lesions
Too much animal protein Answer - contain saturated fat, low fiber, calcium loss
with purified protein, kidney problems, chronic diseases, cancer connection,
colon and rectum risk increase with red meat and processed meats
