NUR 106 Pediatric Care: Comprehensive Guide to Pediatric Nursing Essentials | Latest Edition

NUR 106 Pediatric Care: Comprehensive Guide to Pediatric Nursing Essentials | Latest Edition Cephalocaudal - -The normal direction of growth. Head to toe Proximodistal - -"Near to far" Extremities grow later than head, chest, and trunk Measurable changes in the physical size of the body and its parts. - -Growth Behavioral changes in skills and functions - -Development Process of becoming fully grown and developed; applies to the physiological and behavioral aspects - -Maturation Big movement, Posture: head, balance, sitting, crawling, walking are known as - -Gross Motor Movement/Skills Small movement, using hands and fingers for prehension, or grasping - -Fine Motor Movement/Skills What are the indicators of a child's general health - -Height and Weight Critical Periods are known as - -Period of rapid growth; Birth to 1 year of age is the most critical What is the single greatest influence for growth - -Nutrition is #!, Height, weight, and head circumference How much should a 6-month-old weigh - -double their birth weight How much should a 12 month old weigh - -3x birth weight When should the anterior fontanel close? - -12-18 months When should the posterior fontanel close? - -6-8 weeks What gross motor skill should a 1 month be able to do - -Demonstrates head lag What fine motor skills should 1 month old possess - -Strong grasp reflex The gross motor skills for a 2 month old - -lifts head off mattress when prone The fine motor skills of a 2 month old - -Holds hand in an open position Grasp reflex is fading The ability to raise head and shoulders off mattress when prone Only slight head lag, are the Gross motor skills of what age - -3 months old At 3 months old No longer has grasp reflex and keeps hands loosely open is - -Fine motor skill Rolls from back to side - -4 months, Gross motor skill Grasps object with two hands: - -4 months, Fine motor skill Rolls from abdomen to back - -5 months, Gross motor Skill Uses palmar grasp - -5 months, Fine motor skill Rolls from back to abdomen - -6 months, Gross motor skill Holds bottle - -6 months, Fine motor skill Bears full weight on feet Sits, leaning forward on both hands - -7 months, Gross motor skill Moves objects from hand to hand - -7 months (Fine Motor) Sits unsupported - -8 months gross motor Begins using pincer grasp - -8 months fine motor pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling. - -9 months, Gross motor Has a crude pincer grasp Dominant hand preference evident - -9 months, Fine motor changes from a prone to a sitting position - -10 months gross motor Grasps rattle by its handle - -10 months fine motor Cruises or walks while holding onto something Walks with both hands held - -11 month gross motor skill Places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp - -11 months fine motor sits down from a standing position without assistance Walks with one hand held - -12 months, Gross motor skill Tries to build a two-block tower without success Can turn pages in a book - -12 months old, Fine motor Skill walks without help, creeps up stairs - -15 months, Gross motor uses a cup well, builds a tower of two blocks - -15 months, Fine motor Runs clumsily and falls often, pull and push toys, Throws a ball overhanded, Jumps in place with both feet - -18 months, gross motor manages a spoon without rotation, Turns pages in a book, 2-3 at a time, Builds a 3-4 block tower - -18 months, Fine motor Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step - -2 years, Gross motor Builds a 6-7 block tower - -2 years, Fine motor Jumps across the floor and off a chair or step using both feet. Takes a few steps on tiptoe - -2.5 years old, Gross motor Draws circles. Has good hand-finger coordination. Builds 8 block tower - -2.5 years old, Fine motor Rides a tricycle. Jumps off bottom step. Stands on one foot for a few seconds. - -3 Years old, Gross motor Skips and hops on one foot. Throws ball overhead, Catches ball accurately - -4 years old, Gross motor Jumps rope. Walks backward from heel to toe. Throws and catches a ball with ease - -5 Years old, Gross motor What are the Fine motor skills of preschool age children - -Preschoolers should show improvement in fine motor skills, which will be displayed by activities like copying figures on paper and dressing independently What is the age for puberty in girls - -10-14 What are the first signs of puberty in girls - -Breast changes, Rapid increase in height and weight, Growth of pubic and axillary hair When does menstruation Start - -About 2 years after first signs of puberty What happens after puberty - -Abrupt deceleration in linear growth How long does the growth spurt girls last - -24-36 months How much taller do girls grow during puberty - -2-8 inches How much weight do girls gain during puberty - -15.5-55 pounds What is the age range for boys to start puberty - -11-16 What are the signs of puberty in boys - -Enlargement of the testicles is #1, Growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair. a rapid increase in height, Voice changes, growth of the penis, Nocturnal emissions Does linear growth accelerate or decelerate after puberty - -decelerates How long does the growth spur for boys last during puberty - -24-36 months What is the growth in height range for boys during puberty - -4-12 inches How much weight do pubescent boys gain - -15.5-66 pounds What does Erikson believe about the different developmental stages - -That they have to be accomplished consecutively Trust vs Mistrust - -Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner Early childhood 1-3 years old - -Autonomy vs. shame & doubt Initiative vs. Guilt - -Erikson's third stage in when the child finds independence in planning, playing, and other activities. 3-5 years odl Industry vs. Inferiority - -Erikson's stage is between 6 and 12 years when the child learns to be productive, becomes aware of their individuality Adolescence 13-19 years old - -Identity vs Role Confusion Trying to figure out who they are and establish goals and priorities for adult life Object does not cease to exists just because it is out of view - -Object Permanence Egocentric - -self-centered, Cannot see another's point of view Routines - -Ritualism Belief that one's own thoughts, wishes, or desires can influence the external world - -Magical Thinking Younger baby that does not have to engage in play. Content - -Unoccupied What is solitary play? - -Playing alone, no engagement with others. What is onlooker play? - -action in which children simply watch others at play, but do not actually participate themselves Participating in same activity but does not interact together - -Parallel Play What is associative play? - -Same activity, playing separately but will talk to each other Will work together, structured environment - -Cooperative Play At what age doe babies start playing with Push toys - -12-18 months roughly What is most important when it comes to playing with toys - -Safety How long is breastfeeding recommended - -first 6 months When does teething start - -6 months What age is appropriate to start solid foods - -Can introduce solid foods at 4-6 months, start one at the time When can infants be transitioned to whole milk - -12 months By what age should a baby be able to most table foods the same as the family - -1 year If a baby is still breastfed at/ pas months old what supplement do they need in liquid form - -Iron When can babies have 100% fruit juice, 4-6 ounces - -After 6 months of age What types of food do toddlers need - -Finger foods, Soft , dissolves easily How should hotdogs and grapes be cut - -Length wise At what age should a toddler be able to use a cup - -2 years old At what age should a toddler be able to use a fork - -3-4 years old Preschool-aged children may only have how many food preferences - -4-5 How does stress be presented in infants - -Separation anxiety How might stress be presented in school-age children - -Stomachache, headache, aggression How is stress presented in Adolescences - -Risky behavior, alcohol, drugs, sex, driving fast How does a child from birth to age three react to death - -React to family around them, May regress How do children ages 3-6 react to death - -Some can understand death, See death as temporary How do children ages 6-12 react to death - -Respond well to the concept of death, Almost adult understanding, Still have fear of death How do Adolescence view death - -Mature understanding, difficulty coping, difficulty communicating about death When do immunizations begin? - -birth When is the Hep B vaccine given? - -Birth, 2 months, 6 months When is the inactivated poliovirus vaccine given? - -2, 4, and 6 months old and 4-6 years old When is the DTaP vaccine given? - -2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, 4-6 years When is Hib vaccine administered? - -2 months 4 months 6 months 12-15 months When is the PCV vaccine given? - -2 months 4 months 6 months 12-15 months When is the RV vaccine given? - -2 months 4 months 6 months When is the MMR vaccine given? - -12-15 months then again at 4-6 years old When is the varicella vaccine given? - -12-15 months, 4-6 years When is the Hep A vaccine administered? - -12-18 months When is the Tdap vaccine given? - -10-12 years When is MCV4 vaccine given? - -11-12 years of age When is the HPV vaccine recommended? - -11-12 years When can the influenza vaccine be given? - -The first dose can be given at age 6 months and every year after that during the fall it is recommended to ride in a rear-facing car seat until how many years of age - -3 When can a child stop using a booster seat - -8 years of age what does the FLACC scale stand for? - -Face, legs, Activity, crying, consolability Where are IM injections given in pediatrics - -Vastus Lateralis