NURS411 Pharmacology Exam
Study Guide
beta 1 receptors - Answer - found mostly in heart
- stimulation increases HR and increases contractility
beta 2 receptors - Answer - found in lungs and
- peripheral arterioles
stimulation
- bronchodilation
- increases hepatic glucose output
alpha 1 receptors - Answer - found in lungs, peripheral arterioles
- stimulation produces constriction of smooth muscle
- vasoconstriction of most blood vessels
alpha 2 receptors - Answer - found primarily in the brain
- inhibits insulin release
- inhibits norepi release
dopaminergic receptors - Answer - found in renal, mesenteric, and vascular beds
- stimulation produces vasoidilation of mesenteric, renal, coronary and cerebral arteries
vasopressors - Answer - used to manage refractory hypotension
- noninvasive BP cuffs may be inaccurate
- majority metabolized in liver/eliminated in urine
- administer via a central line
- half life: around 2 min
regitine (phentolamine) - Answer - alpha adrenergic blocker
- directly through the cath of the infiltrated area following institution policy and
procedure - remove the cath immediately after admin
- opposite of alpha 1: constricts vessels
, - pressor
epinephrine - Answer - sympathomimetic
- mcg/min or mcgs/kg/min
- cardiac effects via beta receptors = increase HR + inotrope
- vascular effects via alpha receptors = vasoconstriction
- does not constrict coronary or cerebral blood vessels
- stimulates gluconeogenesis = high blood glucose levels
- cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, severe hypotension, shock states, OHS
- half life - 2 min
continuous IV or IO
- start titration: 0.5mcg/kg/min, 2 mcg/min
- max dose: 10 mcgs/min
norepinephrine (levophed) - Answer - only IV admin
- mcgs/min or mcg/kg/min
- half life 2-2.5min
- stim alpha and beta 1
- greater alpha effects than beta
- vasoconstriction - improves BP
- start titration 2-4 mcg/min OR 0.5 mcg/kg/min
- max 10mcg/min OR max 3 mcg/kg/min
- assess peripheral perfusion (coolness, pallor decreased sensation fingers and toes)
- adverse effects - reflex bradycardia, dysrhythmias, decreased UOP following initation
phenylephrine (neosynephrine) - Answer - mcg/min
- pure alpha stimulator
- effects are vascular: increases SBP, increases DBP, increases PAP
- coronary and rena arteries constrict
- can reduce blood flow to organs
Study Guide
beta 1 receptors - Answer - found mostly in heart
- stimulation increases HR and increases contractility
beta 2 receptors - Answer - found in lungs and
- peripheral arterioles
stimulation
- bronchodilation
- increases hepatic glucose output
alpha 1 receptors - Answer - found in lungs, peripheral arterioles
- stimulation produces constriction of smooth muscle
- vasoconstriction of most blood vessels
alpha 2 receptors - Answer - found primarily in the brain
- inhibits insulin release
- inhibits norepi release
dopaminergic receptors - Answer - found in renal, mesenteric, and vascular beds
- stimulation produces vasoidilation of mesenteric, renal, coronary and cerebral arteries
vasopressors - Answer - used to manage refractory hypotension
- noninvasive BP cuffs may be inaccurate
- majority metabolized in liver/eliminated in urine
- administer via a central line
- half life: around 2 min
regitine (phentolamine) - Answer - alpha adrenergic blocker
- directly through the cath of the infiltrated area following institution policy and
procedure - remove the cath immediately after admin
- opposite of alpha 1: constricts vessels
, - pressor
epinephrine - Answer - sympathomimetic
- mcg/min or mcgs/kg/min
- cardiac effects via beta receptors = increase HR + inotrope
- vascular effects via alpha receptors = vasoconstriction
- does not constrict coronary or cerebral blood vessels
- stimulates gluconeogenesis = high blood glucose levels
- cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, severe hypotension, shock states, OHS
- half life - 2 min
continuous IV or IO
- start titration: 0.5mcg/kg/min, 2 mcg/min
- max dose: 10 mcgs/min
norepinephrine (levophed) - Answer - only IV admin
- mcgs/min or mcg/kg/min
- half life 2-2.5min
- stim alpha and beta 1
- greater alpha effects than beta
- vasoconstriction - improves BP
- start titration 2-4 mcg/min OR 0.5 mcg/kg/min
- max 10mcg/min OR max 3 mcg/kg/min
- assess peripheral perfusion (coolness, pallor decreased sensation fingers and toes)
- adverse effects - reflex bradycardia, dysrhythmias, decreased UOP following initation
phenylephrine (neosynephrine) - Answer - mcg/min
- pure alpha stimulator
- effects are vascular: increases SBP, increases DBP, increases PAP
- coronary and rena arteries constrict
- can reduce blood flow to organs
