APHY 101 Ch 1: An Introduction to the Human Body Ivy Tech Practice Questions & Answer 2024/2025

APHY 101 Ch 1: An Introduction to the Human Body Ivy Tech Practice Questions & Answer 2024/2025 Anatomy - ANSWER-Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. Physiology - ANSWER-Concerns the function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities. Often focuses on cellular and molecular level. Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy - ANSWER-Study of large body structures visible to naked eye (ex: heart, lungs, kidneys). Regional Anatomy - ANSWER-All structures in a particular region of the body, ex: abdomen, leg Systemic Anatomy - ANSWER-Body structure is studied system by system, ex: cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and blood vessels of the entire body. Microscopic Anatomy - ANSWER-Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye. Cytology - ANSWER-Studies cells of the body. Histology - ANSWER-Studies microscopic tissues of the body. Developmental Anatomy - ANSWER-Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span. Embryology - ANSWER-Subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth. Principle of complementarity of structure and function - ANSWER-Anatomy and physiology are inseparable because function always reflects structure. What a structure can do depends on its specific form. Levels of structural organization - ANSWER--chemical -cellular -tissue -organ -organ system -organismal Chemical Level - ANSWER-Simplest level of structural hierarchy. Atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules. Molecules combine to form organelles, basic components of the microscopic cells. Cellular Level - ANSWER-Cells are the smallest units of living things. All cells have some common functions, but individual cells vary widely in size and shape. Cells are made up of molecules. Tissue Level - ANSWER-The simplest living creatures are single cells, but in complex organisms such as human beings, the hierarchy continues on to the tissue level. Tissues consist of similar types of cells. Four basic tissue types - ANSWER--epithelium (covers body surface and protects organs) -muscle (provides movement) -connective (supports and protects organs) -nervous (provides rapid internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses) Organ Level - ANSWER-Extremely complex functions become possible at this level. Organs are made up of different types of tissues. Ex: stomach produce digestive juices to churn and mix food. Organ System Level - ANSWER-Organs work together to accomplish a common purpose. Ex: heart and blood vessels circulate blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. Organismal Level - ANSWER-Highest level of organization, represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive. necessary life functions - ANSWER-Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduction, growth maintain boundaries - ANSWER-internal environment remains distinct from the external environment Movement - ANSWER-contractility (ability to move by shortening) move body parts or substances though body Responsiveness or excitability - ANSWER-The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them. Which system is most involved with responsiveness? - ANSWER-Because nerve cell ...