3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels? - ANSWER-Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause? - ANSWER-Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in? - ANSWER-Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia),
Androgens, Hirsutism
What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy? - ANSWER-Methyldopa (Alpha-2-
Agonist), Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa? - ANSWER-Painless, red bleeding
What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis? - ANSWER-Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity? - ANSWER-Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics,
NSAIDs, antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis? - ANSWER-2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure? - ANSWER-Mean Corpuscular Volume helps
diagnose different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia
(Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation? - ANSWER-27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate? - ANSWER-They are irregular,
non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate? - ANSWER-They are split pea-
sized, erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen
in Infective Endocarditis
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a dose? -
ANSWER-If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a
INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs? - ANSWER-A dry hacking cough is a
common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs &
,3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line
agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide - ANSWER-Sulfa allergy, PCN
hypersensitivity, Asthma, Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign) - ANSWER-MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal) - ANSWER-AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF,
Dizziness, Chest Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate? - ANSWER-S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral &
Tricuspid Valves)
What does S2 indicate? - ANSWER-S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic &
Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in? - ANSWER-CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in? - ANSWER-Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH),
Poorly controlled HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANSWER-Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA),
Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANSWER-Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment - ANSWER-Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If
LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues.
Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment? - ANSWER-ACEs, ARBs, ARNI
w/BBs, Aldosterone Recepter Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)? - ANSWER-Topical Permetherin
massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs.
Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions? - ANSWER-Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
, 3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid - ANSWER-Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment? - ANSWER-Scalp Ring-Worm. Round,
scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat
meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment? - ANSWER-Body Ring-Worm. Red,
scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E.
Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma? - ANSWER-ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color,
Diameter >6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis? - ANSWER-Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive
Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster) - ANSWER-- Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which
starts as a painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash
resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if
started within 48-72hrs of rash appearance.
Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER-- Papules or Vesicles typically
5mm or less which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on skin
surface
- If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
- Treatment consists of Corticosteroids, Antihistamines, Calcineurin Inhibitors
(Tacrolimus)
Facts about Acne Vulgaris - ANSWER-- Inflammatory skin disorder where androgen-
dependent sebaceous glands produce excess sebum.
- Usually affects face, anterior & posterior chest, Upper Back, Shoulders, and Arms
- Treatment consists of Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide (Benzamycin)
Solutions A+ PASS
3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels? - ANSWER-Antacids
Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause? - ANSWER-Hemolytic Anemia
What can PCOS result in? - ANSWER-Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia),
Androgens, Hirsutism
What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy? - ANSWER-Methyldopa (Alpha-2-
Agonist), Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa? - ANSWER-Painless, red bleeding
What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis? - ANSWER-Tender, warm, swollen joints
Medications that can cause ototoxicity? - ANSWER-Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics,
NSAIDs, antihistamines, nasal decongestants
What is the treatment time for enterobiasis? - ANSWER-2 weeks
What does MCV lab value measure? - ANSWER-Mean Corpuscular Volume helps
diagnose different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia
(Microcytic)
Rhogam is given at how many week gestation? - ANSWER-27-28 weeks
What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate? - ANSWER-They are irregular,
non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate? - ANSWER-They are split pea-
sized, erythematous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen
in Infective Endocarditis
What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient misses a dose? -
ANSWER-If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will need a
INR redraw
What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs? - ANSWER-A dry hacking cough is a
common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs &
,3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line
agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide - ANSWER-Sulfa allergy, PCN
hypersensitivity, Asthma, Gout
Systolic Murmurs (Benign) - ANSWER-MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal) - ANSWER-AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF,
Dizziness, Chest Pain)
MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
What does S1 indicate? - ANSWER-S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral &
Tricuspid Valves)
What does S2 indicate? - ANSWER-S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic &
Pulmonic Valves)
S3 is often heard in? - ANSWER-CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
S4 is often heard in? - ANSWER-Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH),
Poorly controlled HTN, MI
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANSWER-Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA),
Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - ANSWER-Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment - ANSWER-Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If
LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues.
Helps stabilize plaques.
What medications are indicated for HF treatment? - ANSWER-ACEs, ARBs, ARNI
w/BBs, Aldosterone Recepter Antagonists
What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)? - ANSWER-Topical Permetherin
massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs.
Treat again in 1 week.
Names of skin lesions? - ANSWER-Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
, 3P Exam Study APEA 186 complete
Solutions A+ PASS
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
Keloid - ANSWER-Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment? - ANSWER-Scalp Ring-Worm. Round,
scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat
meals for 4-6weeks
What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment? - ANSWER-Body Ring-Worm. Red,
scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E.
Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
How do you assess Melanoma? - ANSWER-ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color,
Diameter >6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis? - ANSWER-Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive
Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster) - ANSWER-- Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which
starts as a painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash
resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if
started within 48-72hrs of rash appearance.
Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER-- Papules or Vesicles typically
5mm or less which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on skin
surface
- If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
- Treatment consists of Corticosteroids, Antihistamines, Calcineurin Inhibitors
(Tacrolimus)
Facts about Acne Vulgaris - ANSWER-- Inflammatory skin disorder where androgen-
dependent sebaceous glands produce excess sebum.
- Usually affects face, anterior & posterior chest, Upper Back, Shoulders, and Arms
- Treatment consists of Erythromycin/Benzoyl Peroxide (Benzamycin)
