Advanced Pathophysiology NEWEST ACTUAL
EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |PREMIUM UPDATE GRADED A++.
polycythemia
- Correct Answer- excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or
as a symptom of polycythemia vera.
Absorption atelectasis
- Correct Answer- see Atelectasis.
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease)
- Correct Answer- an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle
and nerve cells throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in the
lysosome attributable to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme.
The buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy)
throughout the body and affects various body tissues, particularly in the heart,
skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous system.
Acne
- Correct Answer- a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face,
chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead
skin cells, and bacteria.
Acne conglobate
- Correct Answer- severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses,
communicating sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not affect the
face.
,Acne rosacea
- Correct Answer- a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle
portion of the face appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of
capillaries.
Acne vulgaris
- Correct Answer- an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually
occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads, cysts,
papules, and pustules.
Noninflammatory acne
- Correct Answer- open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a
plug resulting from the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair
follicle and by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains closed;
they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Correct Answer- see Immune deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia - Correct Answer- see Anemia.
ACTH deficiency
- Correct Answer- a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in a
reduction in the secretion of adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of
appetite, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis
, - Correct Answer- a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot
appears on skin chronically exposed to the sun.
Acute chest syndrome
- Correct Answer- a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease
defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or more new
symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most
commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and declines in incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
- Correct Answer- a massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by significant dilation of
the cecum and absence of mechanical obstruction, and is related to excessive
sympathetic motor input or decreased parasympathetic motor input.
Acute confusional state (ACS)
- Correct Answer- a form of delirium caused by interference with the metabolic or
other biochemical processes essential for normal brain functioning. Symptoms may
include disturbances in cognition and levels of awareness, short-term memory
deficit, retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and disturbances in orientation,
accompanied by restlessness, apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition
may be associated with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic psychosis, or
acute brain syndrome.
Acute coronary syndrome
- Correct Answer- a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging
from unstable angina through infarction.
Acute cystitis
, - Correct Answer- an inflammation of the bladder, which is the most common site
of urinary tract infection.
Acute epiglottitis
- Correct Answer- an infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and
surrounding tissues and may lead to upper airway blockage.
Acute gastritis
- Correct Answer- an inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa, usually caused
by injury of the protective mucosal barrier by drugs, chemicals, or Helicobacter
pylori infection.
Acute glomerulonephritis - Correct Answer- see Glomerulonephritis.
Acute gouty arthritis
- Correct Answer- an abrupt pain of a joint, most often the great toe, which is
swollen, hot, and shiny secondary to an attack of gout.
Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Correct Answer- see Thrombocytopenia.
Acute leukemia - Correct Answer- see Leukemia.
Acute liver failure (fulminant liver failure)
- Correct Answer- a rare clinical syndrome resulting from severe impairment or
necrosis of liver cells without preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis. Acetaminophen
overdose is the leading cause.
EXAM 2024-2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS |PREMIUM UPDATE GRADED A++.
polycythemia
- Correct Answer- excessive red blood cell production; a physiologic response
resulting from increased erythropoietin secretion in response to chronic hypoxia or
as a symptom of polycythemia vera.
Absorption atelectasis
- Correct Answer- see Atelectasis.
Acid maltase deficiency (glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe disease)
- Correct Answer- an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that damages muscle
and nerve cells throughout the body by an accumulation of glycogen in the
lysosome attributable to deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase enzyme.
The buildup of glycogen causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy)
throughout the body and affects various body tissues, particularly in the heart,
skeletal muscles, liver, and nervous system.
Acne
- Correct Answer- a common skin disease characterized by pimples on the face,
chest, and back. It occurs when the pores of the skin become clogged with oil, dead
skin cells, and bacteria.
Acne conglobate
- Correct Answer- severe cystic acne characterized by cystic lesions, abscesses,
communicating sinuses, and thickened, nodular scars; usually does not affect the
face.
,Acne rosacea
- Correct Answer- a chronic form of dermatitis of the face in which the middle
portion of the face appears red with small red lines caused by dilation of
capillaries.
Acne vulgaris
- Correct Answer- an inflammatory eruption of the sebaceous follicles usually
occurring on the face, upper back, and chest that consists of blackheads, cysts,
papules, and pustules.
Noninflammatory acne
- Correct Answer- open comedones caused by the enlargement and dilation of a
plug resulting from the accumulation of oil and dead skin cells inside the hair
follicle and by closed comedones that form if the hair follicle pore remains closed;
they appear as a tiny, sometimes pink bump in the skin.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Correct Answer- see Immune deficiency.
Acquired sideroblastic anemia - Correct Answer- see Anemia.
ACTH deficiency
- Correct Answer- a condition characterized by decreased or absent production of
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland, resulting in a
reduction in the secretion of adrenal hormones and subsequent weight loss, lack of
appetite, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure.
Actinic keratosis
, - Correct Answer- a condition in which a premalignant small, reddish, rough spot
appears on skin chronically exposed to the sun.
Acute chest syndrome
- Correct Answer- a syndrome occurring in association with sickle cell disease
defined by a new infiltrate on chest radiograph; associated with one or more new
symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or hypoxia. It occurs most
commonly in the 2- to 4-year-old age group and declines in incidence with age.
Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
- Correct Answer- a massive dilation of the large bowel that occurs in critically ill
patients and immobilized older adults. It is characterized by significant dilation of
the cecum and absence of mechanical obstruction, and is related to excessive
sympathetic motor input or decreased parasympathetic motor input.
Acute confusional state (ACS)
- Correct Answer- a form of delirium caused by interference with the metabolic or
other biochemical processes essential for normal brain functioning. Symptoms may
include disturbances in cognition and levels of awareness, short-term memory
deficit, retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and disturbances in orientation,
accompanied by restlessness, apprehension, irritability, and apathy. The condition
may be associated with an acute physiologic state, delirium, toxic psychosis, or
acute brain syndrome.
Acute coronary syndrome
- Correct Answer- a classification encompassing clinical presentations ranging
from unstable angina through infarction.
Acute cystitis
, - Correct Answer- an inflammation of the bladder, which is the most common site
of urinary tract infection.
Acute epiglottitis
- Correct Answer- an infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis and
surrounding tissues and may lead to upper airway blockage.
Acute gastritis
- Correct Answer- an inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa, usually caused
by injury of the protective mucosal barrier by drugs, chemicals, or Helicobacter
pylori infection.
Acute glomerulonephritis - Correct Answer- see Glomerulonephritis.
Acute gouty arthritis
- Correct Answer- an abrupt pain of a joint, most often the great toe, which is
swollen, hot, and shiny secondary to an attack of gout.
Acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Correct Answer- see Thrombocytopenia.
Acute leukemia - Correct Answer- see Leukemia.
Acute liver failure (fulminant liver failure)
- Correct Answer- a rare clinical syndrome resulting from severe impairment or
necrosis of liver cells without preexisting liver disease or cirrhosis. Acetaminophen
overdose is the leading cause.
