PSY 121 Exam 4 (CH 11,12,13)
_____________ is the unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life -
Answer-Personality
____________, refers to value judgements made about a person's morals or ethical behavior - Answer-
Character
___________, the enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or
adaptability - Answer-Temperament
The _________________ perspective focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development
of personality and also heavily focused on biological causes of personality differences - Answer-
Psychodynamic
The _________ perspective focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior, it includes aspects of
social cognitive theory in that interactions with others and personal thought processes also influence
learning and personality. - Answer-Behaviorist
,The ________ perspective focuses on the role of each person's conscious life experiences and choices in
personality development - Answer-Humanistic
The _________ perspective focuses on characteristics themselves, not roots of personality - Answer-
Trait
Freud believed that the _______________ mind was the most important determining factor in human
behavior and personality - Answer-Unconscious
The _____ is a completely unconscious, pleasure-seeking, amoral part of the personality that exists at
birth, containing all of the basic biological drives: hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex - Answer-id
________________ can be defined as the desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for
the consequences - Answer-Pleasure principle
The ____ is mostly conscious and is far more rational, logical, and cunning than the id - Answer-Ego
________________ is the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to
negative consequences - Answer-Reality Principle
The moral center of personality is the ________ - Answer-Superego
The ___________ develops as a preschool-aged child learns the rules, customs, and expectations of
society - Answer-Superego
The Superego contains the __________, the part of the personality that makes people feel guilt, or
moral anxiety, when they do the wrong thing - Answer-Conscience
,The ________________________ are ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting
one's perception of reality - Answer-Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Freud believed that personality development occurs in a series of ______________ that are determined
by the developing sexuality of the child - Answer-Psychosexual stages
________________, or area of the body that produces pleasurable feelings, becomes important and can
become the source of conflicts - Answer-Erogenous zone
Conflicts that are fully resolved can result in __________, or getting "stuck" to some degree in a stage of
development - Answer-Fixation
The first psychosexual stage is called the __________ stage (first 18 months) because the erogenous
zone is the mouth. - Answer-Oral Stage
According to Freud, the erogenous zone moves from the mouth to the anus because he also believed
that children got a great deal of pleasure from both withholding and releasing their feces at will. This
stage is called ___________ - Answer-Anal Stage
____________________ personality, someone who sees messiness as a statement of personal control
and who is somewhat destructive and hostile - Answer-Anal expulsive personality
Some children, who are terrified of making a mess and rebel passively will translate as an
_________________ personality as an adult where they are stingy, stubborn, and excessively neat -
Answer-Anal retentive personality
As the child grows older, the erogenous zone shifts to the ________ - Answer-Genitals
This awakening of sexual curiosity and interest in the genitals is the beginning of what Freud termed the
_______________ - Answer-Phallic Stage
, When boys realized that the little girl down the street had no penis they developed a fear of losing the
penis called ____________ - Answer-Castration anxiety
Girls develop ___________ because they were missing a penis - Answer-Penis envy
Freud essentially believed that boys develop both sexual attraction to their mothers and jealousy of
their fathers during the phallic stage, a phenomenon called the __________________ - Answer-Oedipus
complex
By the time the phallic stage ends, the boy will _____ his sexual feelings for his mother and identify with
his father - Answer-Repress
____________ is one of the defense mechanisms used to combat anxiety - Answer-Identification
Girls go through a process called the ___________________ with their fathers as the target of their
affections and their mother as the rival - Answer-Electra Complex
Fixation in the phallic stage usually involves immature sexual attitudes as an adult, People who are
fixated in this stage will often exhibit ____________ sexual behavior and be very vain - Answer-
Promiscuous
From age 6 to the onset of puberty, children will remain in this stage of hidden sexual feelings, so this
stage is called the _________ - Answer-Latency stage
In the _______ stage, puberty begins so the sexual feelings that were repressed can no longer be
ignored - Answer-Genital stage
_____________ is the unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life -
Answer-Personality
____________, refers to value judgements made about a person's morals or ethical behavior - Answer-
Character
___________, the enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or
adaptability - Answer-Temperament
The _________________ perspective focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in the development
of personality and also heavily focused on biological causes of personality differences - Answer-
Psychodynamic
The _________ perspective focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior, it includes aspects of
social cognitive theory in that interactions with others and personal thought processes also influence
learning and personality. - Answer-Behaviorist
,The ________ perspective focuses on the role of each person's conscious life experiences and choices in
personality development - Answer-Humanistic
The _________ perspective focuses on characteristics themselves, not roots of personality - Answer-
Trait
Freud believed that the _______________ mind was the most important determining factor in human
behavior and personality - Answer-Unconscious
The _____ is a completely unconscious, pleasure-seeking, amoral part of the personality that exists at
birth, containing all of the basic biological drives: hunger, thirst, self-preservation, and sex - Answer-id
________________ can be defined as the desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for
the consequences - Answer-Pleasure principle
The ____ is mostly conscious and is far more rational, logical, and cunning than the id - Answer-Ego
________________ is the need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that will not lead to
negative consequences - Answer-Reality Principle
The moral center of personality is the ________ - Answer-Superego
The ___________ develops as a preschool-aged child learns the rules, customs, and expectations of
society - Answer-Superego
The Superego contains the __________, the part of the personality that makes people feel guilt, or
moral anxiety, when they do the wrong thing - Answer-Conscience
,The ________________________ are ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting
one's perception of reality - Answer-Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Freud believed that personality development occurs in a series of ______________ that are determined
by the developing sexuality of the child - Answer-Psychosexual stages
________________, or area of the body that produces pleasurable feelings, becomes important and can
become the source of conflicts - Answer-Erogenous zone
Conflicts that are fully resolved can result in __________, or getting "stuck" to some degree in a stage of
development - Answer-Fixation
The first psychosexual stage is called the __________ stage (first 18 months) because the erogenous
zone is the mouth. - Answer-Oral Stage
According to Freud, the erogenous zone moves from the mouth to the anus because he also believed
that children got a great deal of pleasure from both withholding and releasing their feces at will. This
stage is called ___________ - Answer-Anal Stage
____________________ personality, someone who sees messiness as a statement of personal control
and who is somewhat destructive and hostile - Answer-Anal expulsive personality
Some children, who are terrified of making a mess and rebel passively will translate as an
_________________ personality as an adult where they are stingy, stubborn, and excessively neat -
Answer-Anal retentive personality
As the child grows older, the erogenous zone shifts to the ________ - Answer-Genitals
This awakening of sexual curiosity and interest in the genitals is the beginning of what Freud termed the
_______________ - Answer-Phallic Stage
, When boys realized that the little girl down the street had no penis they developed a fear of losing the
penis called ____________ - Answer-Castration anxiety
Girls develop ___________ because they were missing a penis - Answer-Penis envy
Freud essentially believed that boys develop both sexual attraction to their mothers and jealousy of
their fathers during the phallic stage, a phenomenon called the __________________ - Answer-Oedipus
complex
By the time the phallic stage ends, the boy will _____ his sexual feelings for his mother and identify with
his father - Answer-Repress
____________ is one of the defense mechanisms used to combat anxiety - Answer-Identification
Girls go through a process called the ___________________ with their fathers as the target of their
affections and their mother as the rival - Answer-Electra Complex
Fixation in the phallic stage usually involves immature sexual attitudes as an adult, People who are
fixated in this stage will often exhibit ____________ sexual behavior and be very vain - Answer-
Promiscuous
From age 6 to the onset of puberty, children will remain in this stage of hidden sexual feelings, so this
stage is called the _________ - Answer-Latency stage
In the _______ stage, puberty begins so the sexual feelings that were repressed can no longer be
ignored - Answer-Genital stage
