Emergency Care in the Streets Chapter 13 – Pharmacology
Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ _____ _____ (pharmacodynamics) - The way in which a
medication produces the intended response Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
_____ _____ _____ significantly alters the distribution of
certain medications within the body. Albumin and others
effectively store a quantity of medication largely independent of
the concentration of medication present in the blood or other
body tissues Correct Answer Plasma protein binding
_____ _____ - Any abnormal or harmful effects caused by
exposure to a chemical Correct Answer Adverse effects
_____ _____ - Gel, ointment, or paste substance designed to
permit transdermal (through the skin) absorption. Examples:
Nitroglycerin paste, fentanyl (Sublimaze) patch Correct Answer
Skin preparation
_____ _____ - Problems that may occur when two or more
medications are administered together Correct Answer
Potential incompatibilities
_____ _____ - Sterile solution designed for direct injection into
a body cavity, tissue, or organ. Examples: Fentanyl (Sublimaze),
epinephrine Correct Answer Parenteral solution
_____ _____ antagonizes muscarinic receptors, causing
bronchodilation and decreased mucus in the upper and lower
,airways. Only 1 dose every 6-8 hours Correct Answer
Ipratopium bromide (Mucokinetic and bronchodilator)
_____ _____ bind to the receptor site but do not initiate as much
cellular activity or change as do other agonists. Effectively
lower the efficacy of other agonist chemicals that may be
present in the cells Correct Answer Partial agonists
(Buprenorphine - Buprenex, subutex for analgesia and
management of opiod addiction)
_____ _____ permanently bind with receptor sites and prevent
activation by agonist chemicals. Effects continue until new
receptor sites or new cells are created Correct Answer
Noncompetitive antagonists (Examples: Ketamine and Aspirin)
_____ _____ require additional security, record keeping, and
disposal precautions. Must be kept in locked storage or
continually held by an on-duty EMS provide Correct Answer
Controlled substances
_____ _____ temporarily bind with cellular receptor sites,
displacing agonist chemicals. The efficacy of these medications
is directly related to its concentration near the receptor sites
Correct Answer Competitive antagonists
_____ _____, _____ _____, and certain other medications are
the few exceptions in which the chemical name is used in
chemical practice Correct Answer Sodium bicarbonate,
potassium chloride
,_____ - The estimated amount of time it will take for the
medication to enter the body/system and begin to take effect
Correct Answer Onset
_____ (Adrenalin) is a sympathetic agent (predominantly beta),
with actions similar to those of isoproterenol, but having
additional, primarily peripheral vasoconstrictor effect.
Indications include asystole, PEA, VFib, and anaphylactic shock
Correct Answer Epinephrine
_____ have potent antiseizure, anxiolytic, and sedative
properties. Require high doses for sedation, with high doses
causing hypotension. Best used for maintenance sedation
following airway placement Correct Answer Benzodiazepines
_____ or _____ ______ block the action of sympathetic agents
by beating them to the receptor sites and preventing these agents
from having an effect Correct Answer Sympatholytic or
sympathetic blockers
_____ undergoes a significant first-pass effect and a portion of
the medication can be converted to morphine, a more potent
analgesic, by the liver Correct Answer Codeine
______ - Any condition, especially a disease, that is known to
render some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
Correct Answer Contraindications
______ - Medication dissolved or suspended in liquid intended
for oral consumption. Examples: Infant acetaminophen
(Tylenol), cough syrup Correct Answer Liquid
, ______ - Medication in a wax-like material that dissolves in the
rectum or other body cavity. Examples: Promethazine
(Phenagran), acetamenophine (Tylenol) Correct Answer
Suppository
______ - Powdered or solid medication enclosed in a dissovable
cylindrical gelatin shell. Examples: Acetaminophen (Tylenol),
ibuprofin (Motrin), diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Correct
Answer Capsule
______ - Small particles of medication designed to be dissolved
or mixed into a solution or liquid. Examples: Glucagon,
vecuronium (Norcuron) Correct Answer Powder
______ - Solid medication particles bound into a shape designed
to dissolve or be swallowed. Examples: Aspirin (ASA),
nitroglycerin SL Correct Answer Tablet
______ - Sterile solution or nonsterile liquid intended for direct
administration into the nose or ear. Examples: Phenylephrine
(Neo-Synephrine, Afrin), tetracaine (Paramedics may used
parenteral form of certain medications to administer through an
alternate route, such as IN naloxone [Narcan]) Correct Answer
Droplet
______ - The estimated amount of time it will take for the
medication to have its greatest effect on the patient/system
Correct Answer Peak
Questions With Complete Solutions
_____ _____ _____ (pharmacodynamics) - The way in which a
medication produces the intended response Correct Answer
Mechanism of action
_____ _____ _____ significantly alters the distribution of
certain medications within the body. Albumin and others
effectively store a quantity of medication largely independent of
the concentration of medication present in the blood or other
body tissues Correct Answer Plasma protein binding
_____ _____ - Any abnormal or harmful effects caused by
exposure to a chemical Correct Answer Adverse effects
_____ _____ - Gel, ointment, or paste substance designed to
permit transdermal (through the skin) absorption. Examples:
Nitroglycerin paste, fentanyl (Sublimaze) patch Correct Answer
Skin preparation
_____ _____ - Problems that may occur when two or more
medications are administered together Correct Answer
Potential incompatibilities
_____ _____ - Sterile solution designed for direct injection into
a body cavity, tissue, or organ. Examples: Fentanyl (Sublimaze),
epinephrine Correct Answer Parenteral solution
_____ _____ antagonizes muscarinic receptors, causing
bronchodilation and decreased mucus in the upper and lower
,airways. Only 1 dose every 6-8 hours Correct Answer
Ipratopium bromide (Mucokinetic and bronchodilator)
_____ _____ bind to the receptor site but do not initiate as much
cellular activity or change as do other agonists. Effectively
lower the efficacy of other agonist chemicals that may be
present in the cells Correct Answer Partial agonists
(Buprenorphine - Buprenex, subutex for analgesia and
management of opiod addiction)
_____ _____ permanently bind with receptor sites and prevent
activation by agonist chemicals. Effects continue until new
receptor sites or new cells are created Correct Answer
Noncompetitive antagonists (Examples: Ketamine and Aspirin)
_____ _____ require additional security, record keeping, and
disposal precautions. Must be kept in locked storage or
continually held by an on-duty EMS provide Correct Answer
Controlled substances
_____ _____ temporarily bind with cellular receptor sites,
displacing agonist chemicals. The efficacy of these medications
is directly related to its concentration near the receptor sites
Correct Answer Competitive antagonists
_____ _____, _____ _____, and certain other medications are
the few exceptions in which the chemical name is used in
chemical practice Correct Answer Sodium bicarbonate,
potassium chloride
,_____ - The estimated amount of time it will take for the
medication to enter the body/system and begin to take effect
Correct Answer Onset
_____ (Adrenalin) is a sympathetic agent (predominantly beta),
with actions similar to those of isoproterenol, but having
additional, primarily peripheral vasoconstrictor effect.
Indications include asystole, PEA, VFib, and anaphylactic shock
Correct Answer Epinephrine
_____ have potent antiseizure, anxiolytic, and sedative
properties. Require high doses for sedation, with high doses
causing hypotension. Best used for maintenance sedation
following airway placement Correct Answer Benzodiazepines
_____ or _____ ______ block the action of sympathetic agents
by beating them to the receptor sites and preventing these agents
from having an effect Correct Answer Sympatholytic or
sympathetic blockers
_____ undergoes a significant first-pass effect and a portion of
the medication can be converted to morphine, a more potent
analgesic, by the liver Correct Answer Codeine
______ - Any condition, especially a disease, that is known to
render some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable
Correct Answer Contraindications
______ - Medication dissolved or suspended in liquid intended
for oral consumption. Examples: Infant acetaminophen
(Tylenol), cough syrup Correct Answer Liquid
, ______ - Medication in a wax-like material that dissolves in the
rectum or other body cavity. Examples: Promethazine
(Phenagran), acetamenophine (Tylenol) Correct Answer
Suppository
______ - Powdered or solid medication enclosed in a dissovable
cylindrical gelatin shell. Examples: Acetaminophen (Tylenol),
ibuprofin (Motrin), diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Correct
Answer Capsule
______ - Small particles of medication designed to be dissolved
or mixed into a solution or liquid. Examples: Glucagon,
vecuronium (Norcuron) Correct Answer Powder
______ - Solid medication particles bound into a shape designed
to dissolve or be swallowed. Examples: Aspirin (ASA),
nitroglycerin SL Correct Answer Tablet
______ - Sterile solution or nonsterile liquid intended for direct
administration into the nose or ear. Examples: Phenylephrine
(Neo-Synephrine, Afrin), tetracaine (Paramedics may used
parenteral form of certain medications to administer through an
alternate route, such as IN naloxone [Narcan]) Correct Answer
Droplet
______ - The estimated amount of time it will take for the
medication to have its greatest effect on the patient/system
Correct Answer Peak
