Exam 3 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Example of drug that functions as a US - Answer: Ipecac (produces nausea)
PTZ (produces seizures)
Example of drug that functions as a CS - Answer: LSD+Nicotine. When smoking alone, people feel an LSD
like symptoms
Example of drug that functions as SD - Answer: Alcohol. Joke telling in presence of alcohol because
people laugh more when they are drunk. Signals good time for joke telling.
Example of drug that functions as MO- EO - Answer: Amphetamines: EO for social
Example of drug that functions as MO- AO - Answer: Caffeine: AO for food and sleep
Example of drug that functions as a positive reinforcer - Answer: alcohol, caffeine, amphetamines
Example of drug that functions as a negative reinforcer - Answer: Aspirin takes headache away
Example of drug that functions as a positive punisher - Answer: Ipecac, LSD, ammonia inhalents
, What is state-dependent learning? Give an example - Answer: When you learn a skill in a "said" state,
better to be tested in "said" state. For example: If you study while smoking weed, better to take the test
while smoking weed.
Difference between opiate and opioid - Answer: Opiate is naturally contrived
Opioid is synthetic
Natural opiates and its derivatives - Answer: Opium comes from poppy which produces codeine and
morphine. From morphine, heroin is derivived. Heroin is a semi-synthetic.
Synthetic opiates - Answer: Oxycodine, hydrocodine, demerol, percocet
Opiate route of administration - Answer: IV, Oral, Inhalation
Opiate absorption - Answer: GI Track, blood
Opiate distribution - Answer: Crosses the placental barrier, brain, spinal cord, GI track
Opiate excretion - Answer: Kidneys -> Urine
Opiate T 1/2 - Answer: Morphine 2-5hrs
Codine 4-8 hrs
Opiate mechanism of action - Answer: Partial agonists and opioid agonists
Opiate site of action - Answer: Analgesia effects on pain receptors (central gray of the brain, limbic
system, and frontal cortex)
Opiate health risks - Answer: 1. Accidental overdose and death 2. breathing and heart problems. 3.
drowsiness 4. physical dependence 5. tolerance 6. sleep disorders