MCB2010:Microbiology Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/25 Update

MCB2010:Microbiology Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/25 Update It forma a dark image against a bright background. it can be used to observe live or preserved, stained or unstained specimens. EX: bacteria is not living -IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS ENDOSPORES, DNA, RIBOSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS Choose matching term fluorescence microscope phase contrast microscope dark field microscope bright field microscope Don't know? 1 of 189 Definition examples of monomorphism Choose matching term Neisseria and B.antracis S.pyogenes and S. Typhii E.coli and S.aureus C.tetani/diptheria Don't know? 2 of 189 Definition requires the use of two basic dyes of contrasting colors. -commonly used for staining organisms in pathological specimens. Choose matching term Gram stain Differential staining Negative staining Simple staining Don't know? 3 of 189 Definition non-acid fast G- color after counterstain, methylene blue Choose matching term purple blue mordant clear Don't know? 4 of 189 Definition out of protoplast, fungi, L-form, mycoplasmas, and animal cells have a cell wall? Choose matching term bacteriology bacteria fungi endospores Don't know? 5 of 189 Definition composed of ribosomal RNA(rRNA) and proteins Choose matching term ribosomes lysosomes plasma membrane bacteriology Don't know? 6 of 189 Definition all bacteria when they are metabolic active and reproducing -when they are young and multiplying -they are heat sensitive, can be killed by UV rays and boiling Choose matching term vegetative cells eukaryotic cell simple staining gram negative Don't know? 7 of 189 Definition cocci growing in chains Ex: streptococcus pyogens Choose matching term diplococci streptococci pathogen bacilli Don't know? 8 of 189 Definition developed by christian Gram -it divides most bacteria into two groups -Gram positive (appear purple) and Gram -Negative (appear pink or red) Choose matching term Gram stain Hanging drop method fermentation Gram negative Don't know? 9 of 189 Definition 1) all viral diseases 2) treponema pallidum 3) chlamydia trachomatis 4) streptococcus pyogenes 5) pneumonia- Etiologies (causes) Choose matching term peptidoglycan Exceptions to Koch's postulates Acid fast stain pasteurization Don't know? 10 of 189 Definition bacteria that does not have a cell wall -are genetically unable to synthesize cell walls Choose matching term bacillus virus archaebacteria mycoplasm Don't know? 11 of 189 Definition more lipid in their cell wall -has outer membrane(lipo protein(LP), phospholipid layer(PL), lipo polysaccharides(LPS), and porin protein) Choose matching term gram variable gram negative gram positive peptidoglycan Don't know? 12 of 189 Definition Choose matching term chromophore diplobacilli monotrichous fermentation Don't know? 13 of 189 Definition multi cellular fungi Choose matching term bacteria yeast mold virus Don't know? 14 of 189 Definition not true cocci or a true bacillus Ex: alcaligenes faecalis Choose matching term coccobacilli spirilla vibrios streptobacilli Don't know? 15 of 189 Definition has more than one type of microorganism Choose matching term contaminated culture pure culture mixed culture bacilli Don't know? 16 of 189 Definition made of three parts 1)Filament: propels the bacteria 2)Hook: connect filament to basal body 3)Basal body: foundation that holds the flagellum inside the body of bacteria Choose matching term Inclusions bacillus flagellum spirilla Don't know? 17 of 189 Definition 1)isolation of organism from dead animal 2) pure culture on a lab medium 3) microscopic identification 4) injection of isolated organism into a healthy animal to reproduce some disease 5) repeat the first three steps Choose matching term KOCH POSTULATES heterotrophes Gram stain louis pasteur Don't know? 18 of 189 Definition proposed by Louis Pasteur in 1857 -proved by Robert Koch in 1876(specific bacteria cause specific disease) (not microorganism) (very important) Choose matching term spontaneous generation non-infectious disease germ theory of disease hypertonic Don't know? 19 of 189 Definition all bacterial under favorable conditions exist in this form Choose matching term endospores dormant form vegetative form spore form Don't know? 20 of 189 Definition (pilli), long tubular structure made of pilin protein. only found on the surface of gram negative bacteria and are used for conjugation Choose matching term pilus capsule fimbriae flagellum Don't know? 21 of 189 Definition culture that has only one type of microorganism -which can be bacteria, virus -no part of our body has this Choose matching term sporulation pure culture Cell envelope spirochetes Don't know? 22 of 189 Definition -one circular chromosome, not in a membrane -no histones(protein) -no organelles -Peptidoglycan cell walls if bacteria(rigidity of cell wall because of this) -binary fission -70s Ribosomes -No sterol lipids in plasma membrane Choose matching term Prokaryote sporulation Robert Hooke spirochetes Don't know? 23 of 189 Definition are involved in protein synthesis -prokaryotic ribosomes are called 70s -Eukaryotic ribosomes are called 80s -are composed of Ribosomal RNA(rRNA) and proteins Choose matching term microscope capsule ribosomes basic dyes Don't know? 24 of 189 Definition slide that has a specimen under a cover slide Choose matching term heterotrophes germentation negative staining wet mounths Don't know? 25 of 189 Definition any bacteria that lacks mycolic acid in its cell wall Choose matching term Acid-fast microbes Non-Acid fast Protoplast Gram positive Don't know? 26 of 189 Definition if it has chromatophores Choose matching term Autotrophic Motile Bacteriology Heterotrophic Don't know? 27 of 189 Definition are intracellular storage areas Examples: Metachromatic granules(polyphosphate) Glycogen granules gas vacuoles sulfur granules Choose matching term Inclusions Endospores Pasteurization Cell Wall Don't know? 28 of 189 Definition gram+: auxochrome missing from secondary Choose matching term purple colorless blue red/pink Don't know? 29 of 189 Definition study of viruses Choose matching term virology microbiology bacteriology mycology Don't know? 30 of 189 Definition the issue of spontaneous generation was resolved by this french scientist 1)he proved that microorganism are indeed present in the air and 2)they can contaminate sterile solutions but 3)air itself does not give rise to microbial life Choose matching term louis pasteur spirochetes medium/ media mixed culture Don't know? 31 of 189 Definition old g+ after decolorization Choose matching term blue purple fungi colorless Don't know? 32 of 189 Definition if it does not have chromatophore Choose matching term Motile Autotrophic Heterotrophic Eukaryote Don't know? 33 of 189 Definition old gram+: auxochrome missing from secondary Choose matching term blue cilia purple colorless Don't know? 34 of 189 Definition is a branch of biology that deals with scientific study of microorganism such as: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites(protozoa,helminths, and some insects) Choose matching term Mycology Microbiology Bacteriology Virology Don't know? 35 of 189 Definition organism that cannot convert inorganic compound to organic compound -most bacteria are this -different feeder -cannot make their own food Choose matching term Heterotrophes KOCH POSTULATES culture infectious disease Don't know? 36 of 189 Definition -paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane -Histomes(protein) -Organelles -Polysaccharide cell walls -mitotic spindle -80s Ribosomes -sterol lipids in plasma membrane Choose matching term ribosomes Eukaryote fermentation Microbiology Don't know? 37 of 189 Definition made the first compound microscope and observed a thin slide of cork -he was able to see, what he described as, little boxes or cells Choose matching term Robert Hooke Louis Pasteur Rudolph Virchow Capsule Don't know? 38 of 189 Definition a dye that glows under fluorescence microscope Choose matching term fluorescence auxochrome mordant fluorochrome Don't know? 39 of 189 Definition No sterol lipids in plasma membrane Choose matching term Virus Endospores Prokaryote Bacteria Don't know? 40 of 189 Definition has a nucleus -true nuclues Choose matching term bacteria eukaryotic cell ribosomes cell membrane Don't know? 41 of 189 Definition or endoflagellum, are bundles of microfibrils enclosed between the cell membrane and the cell wall, only found on spirochetes Choose matching term Flagellum Axial Filament Slime Layer Plasma Membrane Don't know? 42 of 189 Definition uses two cat ionic stains and a total of 4 reagents that are: 1) crystal violet- primary stain 2)grams iodine - mordant 3) 95% ethyl alcohol- decolorizer 4) safranin- secondary or counter stain Choose matching term Germentation louis pasteur Gram stain Gram positive Don't know? 43 of 189 Definition (glycocalyx) 1) it makes bacteria more virulent by preventing phagocytosis 2) it helps bacteria attach to host tissues 3) it can be used as a source of nutrition under adverse conditions 4) prevents bacteria from desiccarion EX: streptococcus mutants, streptococci pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae Choose matching term capsule bacilli Prokaryote cell membrane Don't know? 44 of 189 Definition first observed microscope life (living cells) which he called "animalcules" Choose matching term Robert Hooke Straphylococci Anton Van Leeuwenhook Streptobacilli Don't know? 45 of 189 Definition more solvent/water less solutes/salt Choose matching term fermentation pasteurization crenation hypotonic solution Don't know? 46 of 189 Definition introduce by a British physician named Edward Jenner in 1798. Choose matching term vaccination pasteurization antibodies infection Don't know? 47 of 189 Definition both contain all four organic compounds 1) nucleic acids(DNA and RNA) 2)proteins 3)carbohydrates 4)lipids Carry-out similar chemical reactions to: 1)metabolize food 2)synthesize proteins 3)store energy Choose matching term fluorescence microscope prokaryotic cell Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic heterotrophes Don't know? 48 of 189 Definition what is used to prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cell Choose matching term chromophore mordant culture yeast Don't know? 49 of 189 Definition specimens appears light against a dark background. it is commonly used to observe organism that are sensitive to heat or desiccation (dryness). -IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS ENDOSPRES, DNA, RIBSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS, OR NON- LIVING CELLS -used to examine urine Choose matching term Dark field microscope fluorescence microscope cell membrane vibrios and spirilla Don't know? 50 of 189 Definition gram positive bacteria that can make endospores Choose matching term bacillus, clostridium, sporosarcina bacteriology flagella, pili, fimbre coccus, clostridium, epithelium Don't know? 51 of 189 Definition has only one magnifying lens Choose matching term gram variable simple microscope axial filament compound microscope Don't know? 52 of 189 Definition (german) presented the theory of bio genesis -living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells Choose matching term robert hooke louis pasteur non-acid fast rudolph virchow Don't know? 53 of 189 Definition if it has glycoprotein than it has this -it is a potential pathogen Choose matching term capsule cell wall slime layer fimbriae Don't know? 54 of 189 Definition you can observe 1)motility 2)Brownian movement 3)external structures 4)reproduction 5)mitosis 6)phagocytosis Choose matching term Hanging drop method plasmoptised vibrios and spirilla fermentation Don't know? 55 of 189 Definition all of these are negatively charged? -none have cilia Choose matching term bacteria yeast motile fungi Don't know? 56 of 189 Definition are small non-tubular, hair like structures, made of protein, found on the surface of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. they help bacteria attach to host cells or non-living substrates in the environment Ex: Neisseria gonorrhoreae and streptococcus pyogenes Choose matching term Cilia Flagellum Slime Layer Fimbriae Don't know? 57 of 189 Definition primary color cannot be removed by acid -acid resistant -Ex: Mycobacteria and Nocardia -poorly gram positive -pleomorpic(many shape) Choose matching term Germentation Eukaryote Acid-fast antibodies Don't know? 58 of 189 Definition mitotic spindle -80s Ribosomes -sterol lipids in plasma membrane Choose matching term Endospores Prokaryote hypotonic Eukaryote Don't know? 59 of 189 Definition 1) the glycocalyx or the capsule 2) the cell wall 3) the cell or plasma membrane that surround the protoplasm/ cytoplasm of the cell Choose matching term Axial Filament prokaryotic cell Cell envelope slime layer Don't know? 60 of 189 Definition bacteria has no mitochondria so they make their energy in? 1) regulates the transportation of substances like nutrients and enzymes (what comes in and comes out) 2) stores enzymes 3) site for ATP synthesis for bacteria 4) site for photosynthesis (only in photoautotrophic microb) Choose matching term Gram positive simple staining slime layer cell membrane Don't know? 61 of 189 Definition 1) carbol fuchsion(primary stain) 2)acid-alcohol(decolarizer, 95% Ethyl Alcohol, 5% HCL) 3)Methylene Blue(secondary stain or counter stain) what type of stain uses these steps? Choose matching term prokaryotic cell Non-Acid fast Acid fast stain vegetative cells Don't know? 62 of 189 Definition streptococcus has what Choose matching term cell wall slime layer capsule fimbriae Don't know? 63 of 189 Definition it exposes a specimen, previously treated with a fluorescence dye such as acridine or fluorescence and antibody to ultraviolet light and forms an image of the specimen with the resulting fluorescent light. -IT IS COMMONLY USED TO DIAGNOSE INFECTIOUS DISEASES SUCH AS TUBERCULOSIS AND SYPHILIS Choose matching term dark field microscope bright field microscope fluorescence microscope slime layer Don't know? 64 of 189 Definition 70s Ribosomes Choose matching term Bacteria Prokaryote Virus Blue Don't know? 65 of 189 Definition which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cells -Flagellum, Cilia, Axial filament, pilus, ot peritrichous flagella Choose matching term fimbriae cilia flagellum ribosomes Don't know? 66 of 189 Definition colored portion Choose matching term chromophore eukaryote mordant auxochrome Don't know? 67 of 189 Definition some(salt loving) bacteria are star and rectangular shaped Choose matching term autotrophic chromatophores halophilic osmophilic Don't know? 68 of 189 Definition are curved rods resembling commas or bananas Ex: vibriocholerae Choose matching term bacilli vibrios spirilla spirochetes Don't know? 69 of 189 Definition single bacilli EX: pseudomonas aeruginosa Choose matching term bacillus spirochetes cocci spirilla Don't know? 70 of 189 Definition more peptidoglycan in their cell wall -less lipid -has wall teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acids Choose matching term gram positive fermentation chromatophores pure culture Don't know? 71 of 189 Definition responsible for the shape of the cell wall -the rigidity of the bacterial cell wall is due to this Choose matching term prokaryote mycolic acid ribosomes peptidoglycan Don't know? 72 of 189 Definition are spiral bacteria, their bodies are flexible and they are motile by means of axial filaments also called endo-flagellum EX: Borrelia burgdorferi and treponema pallidum Choose matching term bacilli spirochetes bacillus spirilla Don't know? 73 of 189 Definition (1857 Louis Pasteur) -Alcohol + CO2 -Acid -Acid + Alcohol +C02 (not simultaneously) Choose matching term wet mounths gram negative Cell envelope fermentation Don't know? 74 of 189 Definition has cell wall gain water but dosent rupture -usually happens in hyptonic solution Choose matching term protoplast plasmoptised crenation gram positive Don't know? 75 of 189 Definition is made in good favorable conditions -only metabolically bacteria has this -this is why bacteria cannot have both endospores and capsule Choose matching term capsule Eukaryote spirilla macrocapsule Don't know? 76 of 189 Definition bacilli growing in pairs Choose matching term streptobacilli diplobacilli pathogen fimbriae Don't know? 77 of 189 Definition defined as the movement of a cell towards or away from a particular chemical Choose matching term chemotaxis peptidoglycan conjugation sporulation Don't know? 78 of 189 Definition special lipid or wax found in the cell wall of acid fast bacteria such as mycobacteria and nocardia Choose matching term mycolic acid endospores peptidoglycan capsule Don't know? 79 of 189 Definition microorganism that has the potential to cause disease in a compromised host (defense is down like skin) Choose matching term pathogen bacteria virus prokaryote Don't know? 80 of 189 Definition bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Choose matching term bacteria ribosomes prokaryotic cell cell membrane Don't know? 81 of 189 Definition phopholipid bilayer and protein -regulate transportation -ATP synthesis Choose matching term pasteurization gram positive plasma membrane plasmoptised Don't know? 82 of 189 Definition any disease caused by fungi Choose matching term mold infection mycosis yeast Don't know? 83 of 189 Definition process of a metabolically active vegetative cell transform into a metabolically inactive endospore under unfavorable conditions Choose matching term fermentation sporulation chemotaxis conjugation Don't know? 84 of 189 Definition (anionic) dyes have a negative charge on them EX: Eosin, NIGROSIN, and picnic acid are commonly used for negative staining Choose matching term mordant acid fast stain gram stain acidic dyes Don't know? 85 of 189 Definition it does not use light, instead forms an image of the specimen with a beam of electrons -it can magnify an object from 10,000 to 100,000, because of its high resolving power(o.3) -it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very small microorganisms like viruses -no live specimen can be seen with this -can see DNA Choose matching term cell membrane heterotrophes electron microscope phase contrast microscope Don't know? 86 of 189 Definition uses anionic stains -use one stain Choose matching term Negative staining Differential staining Simple staining Gram stain Don't know? 87 of 189 Definition if it has flagellin its what? Choose matching term heterotrophic bacteria autotrophic motile Don't know? 88 of 189 Definition all cells in a pure culture maintain a single shape EX: 1)E.coli and 2) S.aureus Choose matching term Endospores Monomorphism coccobacilli fermentation Don't know? 89 of 189 Definition are very thin and cannot be observed by light microscopy. -their presence may be revealed by serological methods Choose matching term spirilla fimbriae slime layer microcapsule Don't know? 90 of 189 Definition which of the 4 steps of the gram stain can be skipped? Choose matching term the 4th step(safranin(secondary or counter stain) histones acid fast stain and s Don't know? 91 of 189 Definition developed by paul Ehrlich Choose matching term Fungi Acid Fast stain Endospores Simple staining Don't know? 92 of 189 Definition metabolically inactive, non-reproductive structures produced by both Gram-positive and Gram Negative bacteria Choose matching term Ribosomes Endospores Bacteriology Capsule Don't know? 93 of 189 Definition was introduced by an English surgeon Joseph Lister in 1860. -reduces contamination Choose matching term vaccination aseptic surgery hypertonic non-infectious disease Don't know? 94 of 189 Definition more solute/salt less water/solvent Choose matching term hypertonic solution normal saline infection fermentation Don't know? 95 of 189 Definition study of bacteria Choose matching term conjugation microbiology bacteriology virology Don't know? 96 of 189 Definition (s) are round or spherical Choose matching term bacilli pathogen spirilla cocci Don't know? 97 of 189 Definition (Gram positive) 1)old(over 24 hours) 2)over decolarization will appear pink or red Choose matching term gram negative Gram positive microcapsule Gram variable Don't know? 98 of 189 Definition for any pathological/clinical specimen you never do simple staining, always use Choose matching term negative staining differential staining gram stain simple staining Don't know? 99 of 189 Definition lacks peptidoglycan in their cell wall Choose matching term Mycoplasm Mordant Archaebacteria Prokaryote Don't know? 100 of 189 Definition can convert inorganic compound to an organic compund -photosynthesis Choose matching term omnivores autotrophes histones autotrophic Don't know? 101 of 189 Definition or true capsule are thick, organized, and are firmly attached to the cell Choose matching term culture macrocapsule fimbriae simple staining Don't know? 102 of 189 Definition a true stain has the following three components (chromogen) Choose matching term functions of microscope benzene, chromophore, auxochrome acid alcohol, benzene, chromogen medium/ media Don't know? 103 of 189 Definition made under harsh conditions -this is why bacteria cannot have both endospores and capsule Choose matching term Peptidoglycan Endospores Bacteria Ribosomes Don't know? 104 of 189 Definition All Gram + and Gram - bacteria are this because they don't have mycolic acid in their cell wall so they lose their primary color Choose matching term Non-acid fast Acid-fast microbes Spirochetes Protoplast Don't know? 105 of 189 Definition Gram negative bacterium that has partially loss its cell wall Choose matching term spheroplast spirochetes gram negative sporulation Don't know? 106 of 189 Definition cluster or group of microorganism Choose matching term mordant culture colony gram stain Don't know? 107 of 189 Definition colonization of the host by pathogen without sign and symptoms Choose matching term pathogen vaccination infection virus Don't know? 108 of 189 Definition if bacteria appears pink or red -does not hold the primary charge Choose matching term Peptidoglycan Gram negative Gram positive Gram variable Don't know? 109 of 189 Definition has more than one magnifying lenses Choose matching term dark field microscope electron microscope compound microscope axial filament Don't know? 110 of 189 Definition an antigen that protects the host from a specific disease Choose matching term virus infection vaccine pathogen Don't know? 111 of 189 Definition are metabolically inactive and heat resistant -can survive million of years =not reproductive (save copy of DNA) Choose matching term Capsule Peptidoglycan Endospores Ribosomes Don't know? 112 of 189 Definition bacilli growing in chains EX: bacillus cereus Choose matching term diplobacilli monomorphism fermentation streptobacilli Don't know? 113 of 189 Definition one or more than one flagells Choose matching term Spirilla Cilia Amphitrichous mixed culture Don't know? 114 of 189 Definition are bacteria that may lose the ability to form cell wall due to mutations or chemical treatment Choose matching term Acid-fast Fungi Ribosomes L-forms Don't know? 115 of 189 Definition Alcaligens Faecalis is what type of organism? Choose matching term streptobacilli spirilla coccobacilli vibrios Don't know? 116 of 189 Definition Blood, brain, bladder -these are sterile in your body Choose matching term BBB CHF GABA MVP Don't know? 117 of 189 Definition Choose matching term peptidoglycan Microbiology coccobacilli peritrichous Don't know? 118 of 189 Definition Borrelia burgdorferi and treponema pallidum are this and have endo flagellum(Axial filament) to move and become motile Choose matching term bacilli spirilla vibrios spriochetes Don't know? 119 of 189 Definition Gram positive bacterium that has completely loss its cell wall Choose matching term fungi endospores plasma membrane protoplast Don't know? 120 of 189 Definition (llum) are actual spirals or helical, like corkscrew. their bodies are rigid and are motile by means of polar flagella EX: spirillum minor Choose matching term spirilla spirochetes cocci bacilli Don't know? 121 of 189 Definition it is most useful to observe cell ultra structures or very small microorganism like viruses -it can magnify an object from 10,000 to 100,000, because of its high resolving power Choose matching term electron microscope slime layer cell membrane conjugation Don't know? 122 of 189 Definition gram stain differentiates bacteria on the basis of these two in the cell wall Choose matching term sterols and proteins prokaryotic and eukaryotic acid fast stain peptidoglycan and lipids Don't know? 123 of 189 Definition provides three dimensional image of the specimen -these microscopes are excellent for observing intracellular (e.g. endospores, ribosomes, DNA, inclusion bodies etc.) of living organism -it can also be used to observe stained preparations Choose matching term Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic fluorescence microscope phase contrast microscope Exceptions to Koch's postulates Don't know? 124 of 189 Definition non acid fast G- , after decolorizer, acid alcohol Choose matching term blue purple red/pink clear Don't know? 125 of 189 Definition is a theory of development of living forms from non living matter -John Needham(English) supported this generation theory -Francesco Redi(Italian) refuted the idea of this generation EX: toad, snakes, mice, flies, manure of decaying corpses Choose matching term pathogen E.coli and S.aureus KOCH POSTULATES spontaneous generation Don't know? 126 of 189 Definition the variation in size and form between individual cells in a pure culture EX: 1) mycobacteria 2) carynebacteria 3) Rhizobium 4) Mycoplasm Choose matching term simple staining autotrophes plasmolised pleomorphism Don't know? 127 of 189 Definition explained differences in results from different labs -he proved that bacterial cells exist in two forms 1) Heat sensitive (vegetative cells) does reproduce 2) Heat resistant (endospores) can survive million of years not reproductive(save copy of DNA) Choose matching term Robert Hooke John Tyndall Gram stain gram negative Don't know? 128 of 189 Definition directional movement of a cell Choose matching term mycosis pilus kinesis taxis Don't know? 129 of 189 Definition diameter of cocci, bacilli, vibrios, and spirilla -all have the same size in diameter Choose matching term 0.5-5.0 0.3-3.0 1.2-2.0 0.2-2.0 Don't know? 130 of 189 Definition (cationic) dyes have a positive charge on them EX: crystal violet, safranin, and methylene blue -most commonly used to stain bacteria Choose matching term mordant basic dyes gram stain histones Don't know? 131 of 189 Definition if bacteria appears purple -holds the primary color Choose matching term Gram stain Gram positive Gram variable Gram negative Don't know? 132 of 189 Definition the diameter of most living cells is between 1 and 100 um (micrometer), and therefore are visible only under what? Choose matching term gram stain microscope telescope ribosomes Don't know? 133 of 189 Definition need a host to live -they are non-living because they need a host, but can be living -are all parasites Choose matching term Histones virus pilus L-forms Don't know? 134 of 189 Definition microorganism are involved Choose matching term infection pathogen microbial antagonism infectious disease Don't know? 135 of 189 Definition charged portion Choose matching term prokaryote chromophore mordant auxochrome Don't know? 136 of 189 Definition cocci growing in groups of four Choose matching term tetrads cilia streptococci diplococci Don't know? 137 of 189 Definition -no histones(protein) -no organelles Choose matching term ribosomes prokaryote Heterotrophic Eukaryote Don't know? 138 of 189 Definition what happens to cells that have no cell wall in hyper tonic solution? Choose matching term crenation infection fermentation hypertonic Don't know? 139 of 189 Definition unicellular fungi Choose matching term bacillus mold bacteria yeast Don't know? 140 of 189 Definition non-ionic, always colorless Choose matching term slime layer cell wall fimbriae capsule Don't know? 141 of 189 Definition functions: 1) maintains shape of bacterium 2) prevents bacteria from osmotic lysis and osmotic collapse Choose matching term cell wall sporulation coccobacilli mycolic acid Don't know? 142 of 189 Definition if it has techoic acid Choose matching term Gram positive Gram variable Gram negative Heterotrophic Don't know? 143 of 189 Definition requires the use of only one basic dye -uses cat-ionic stains -it is often used to determine the size, shape, and arrangement of microbes Choose matching term acid fast stain prokaryotic cell simple staining gram negative Don't know? 144 of 189 Definition (exo-flagellum) is a thread like, semi-rigid structure, made of protein called flagellin that enbales bacteria to move on their own. Bacterial flagellum is approximately 20nm in diameter and 1-70un in lenght Choose matching term Cilia Cell Wall Flagellum Capsule Don't know? 145 of 189 Definition cocci growing in pairs Ex: Neisseria gonorrhoeae Choose matching term streptococci bacilli spirilla diplococci Don't know? 146 of 189 Definition microorganisms are not involved Choose matching term non-infectious disease infection pathogen signs of a disease Don't know? 147 of 189 Definition allow DNA to organize itself inside the nucleus -Prokaryotic cells have this Choose matching term Ribosomes Sporulation Chromatin Histones Don't know? 148 of 189 Definition all cells (with or without cell wall) gain water in what environment? Choose matching term fimbriae isotonic osmotic hypotonic Don't know? 149 of 189 Definition what happens to cells that have no cell wall in hypo tonic solution? Choose matching term prokaryote rupture(ghost cells) crenation vegetative cells Don't know? 150 of 189 Definition gram +: auxochrome missing from primary Choose matching term Red/pink Blue Purple Acidic Dyes Don't know? 151 of 189 Definition cannot convert inorganic compound to organic compound -however it can convert organic compound to inorganic compound Choose matching term macrocapsule heterotrophes histones autotrophs Don't know? 152 of 189 Definition an electron microscope can magnify a specimen up to _______ times Choose matching term 10,000 to 100,000 100 to 1,000 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 1 to 10 Don't know? 153 of 189 Definition (or glycocalyx) it is a mucoid substance that lies external to the bacterial cell wall. made of polysaccharides, proteins, or both (glycoprotein) Choose matching term fimbriae slime layer capsule cell wall Don't know? 154 of 189 Definition -Histomes(protein) -Organelles -Polysaccharide cell walls Choose matching term vaccine sarcina Prokaryote Eukaryote Don't know? 155 of 189 Definition gram negative bacteria that can make endospores Choose matching term Bright field microscope Simple staining Desulfotomaculatum and oscillospira Pure culture Don't know? 156 of 189 Definition bags that hold the color pigment chlorophore (antenna that catches light to initiate photosynthesis Choose matching term cytoplasm chromatophores chloroplasts ribosomes Don't know? 157 of 189 Definition color of Non-acid fast (G+) after decolarizer, acid alcohol Choose matching term purple clear red/pink blue Don't know? 158 of 189 Definition process in which a metabolically inactive endospore transform into a metabolically active vegetative cell under favorable conditions Choose matching term Germentation Chemotaxis Infection A Cellular Respiration Don't know? 159 of 189 Definition (1857 Louis Pasteur) -a form of heat treatment that kills a number of transmissible bacteria such as salmonella Choose matching term fermentation vaccination pasteurization homogenization Don't know? 160 of 189 Definition (lus) are cylindrical or rod-shaped Choose matching term cocci streptococci bacilli spirilla Don't know? 161 of 189 Definition any substance that support facilitate the growth of microorganism -most commonly used in the lab is nutrient Agar(solvent) or -Broth(liquid) Choose matching term slime layer mycolic acid medium/ media peptidoglycan Don't know? 162 of 189 Definition study of fungi Choose matching term virology mycology bacteriology microbiology Don't know? 163 of 189 Definition if it has a pilin its what? Choose matching term pure culture gram positive gram negative gram variable Don't know? 164 of 189 Definition if it has a flagella its what? Choose matching term gram negative motile heterotrophic autotrophic Don't know? 165 of 189 Definition non-acid fast G+, AFTER DECOLORIZER, ACID ALCOHOL Choose matching term red/pink purple clear blue Don't know? 166 of 189 Definition cocci growing in groups of eight EX: sarcina subflava Choose matching term spirilla tetrads diplococci sarcina Don't know? 167 of 189 Definition all cells lose water in this environment (with or without cell wall) Choose matching term isotonic hypertonic pasteurization osmotic Don't know? 168 of 189 Definition organic compound converted to another organic compound by microorganisms in absent of oxygen (Anaerobic) Choose matching term microscope aerobic respiration pasteurization fermentation Don't know? 169 of 189 Definition cocci growing in a bunch Ex: straphylococcus aureus Choose matching term sacrinae streptococci straphylococci diplococci Don't know? 170 of 189 Definition is made of lipo protein, lipo polysaccharides, porin protein, and phospholipid layer Choose matching term Outer membrane of gram negative Cell membrane Fermentation Periplasmic space of gram negative Don't know? 171 of 189 Definition more than one flagella Choose matching term autotrophes lophotrichous Autotrophic virus Don't know? 172 of 189 Definition are highly resistant because of dipicolinic acid and calcium Choose matching term Endospores Ribosomes Capsule Bacteriology Don't know? 173 of 189 Definition opsonin(any substance that enhances pathogens. EX: attaches to antigens telling the body what to kill EX: death markers Choose matching term bacteria cytokines antibodies lymphocytes Don't know? 174 of 189 Definition Peptidoglycan cell walls if bacteria(rigidity of cell wall because of this) Choose matching term chemotaxis bacteriology prokaryote bacteria Don't know? 175 of 189 Definition type of capsule that's thick, unorganized, secretions which are loosely attach to the cell surface Choose matching term cell membrane slime layer capsule vegetative cells Don't know? 176 of 189 Definition in bacteria the purpose of this is the transfer of DNA to one bacteria to another -Male to Female Choose matching term Vaccination Sporulation Transduction Conjugation Don't know? 177 of 189 Definition developed by Paul Ehrlich -it is used to stain acid fast bacteria such as mycobacteria and nocardia Choose matching term endospores simple staining acid fast stain gram stain Don't know? 178 of 189 Definition is the largest in length out of cocci, and bacilli Choose matching term electron microscope pathogen sporulation vibrios and spirilla Don't know? 179 of 189 Definition proved germ theory of disease in 1876 Choose matching term Robert koch Gram stain John tyndall Louis pasteur Don't know? 180 of 189 Definition non-acid fast G+ color after counter stain, methylene blue Choose matching term clear colorless blue purple Don't know? 181 of 189 Definition old gram+: auxochrome missing from primary Choose matching term red/pink acidic dyes blue purple Don't know? 182 of 189 Definition color of Non-acid fast (G-) after decolarizer, acid alcohol Choose matching term purple clear blue red/pink Don't know? 183 of 189 Definition a) magnification b) resolution or resolving power Choose matching term compound microscope functions of microscope differential staining fluorescence microscope Don't know? 184 of 189 Definition life on earth can not survive without nuclear material? Choose matching term hypotonic true clear vaccine Don't know? 185 of 189 Definition cytoplasm breaks down because water is sucked out, metabolically inactive -keeps its shape -usually in hypertonic solution Choose matching term plasmoptised acidic dyes plasmolised spriochetes Don't know? 186 of 189 Definition (fungi, protozoa, green algae, animals, and plants) Choose matching term ribosomes cell membrane bacteria eukaryotic cell Don't know? 187 of 189 Definition before nucleus -dosent have nucleus yet -no nucleus, or nuclear membrane -has dna, nuclear material, or nucleoid, chromatin Choose matching term Differential staining prokaryotic cell mycolic acid simple staining Don't know? 188 of 189 Definition if it has protein it has what? Choose matching term fimbriae capsule cell wall coccobacilli Don't know?