Praxis Principles Of Learning And Teaching: Grades 7-12 PLT Questions And Answers Latest Top Score.

Praxis Principles Of Learning And Teaching: Grades 7-12 PLT Questions And Answers Latest Top Score. Bandura - correct answer. Theorist - "Social Learning Theory" Children learn by observing others. Model behaviors and skills. Cognitive and Behavioral. 1. attention 2. retention 3. motor reproduction 4. motivation Bruner - correct answer. Theorist - Cognition - "Constructivist Theory." Discovery learning and scaffolding. Learning is an active process, learners construct ideas based on knowledge or past experiences. Instruction should allow students to discover information by themselves (dialog). (1) predisposition towards learning, (2) the ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that it can be most readily grasped by the learner, (3) the most effective sequences in which to present material, and (4) the nature and pacing of rewards and punishments Dewey - correct answer. Learning Through Experience and father of progressive education. Project-based learning, cooperative learning. Learning is a process of living. Teach children to be problem solvers. "Just Dew it" Piaget - correct answer. Theorist (Biology and Philosophy) - "Genetic Epistemology." - wanted to know how knowledge developed in human organisms 4 Stages of Cognitive Development. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, and formal operations. sensorimotor (Piaget) - correct answer. (0-2 years), intelligence takes the form of motor actions. preoperations (Piaget) - correct answer. (3-7 years) Intelligence is intuitive in nature. concrete operations (Piaget) - correct answer. (8-11 years) Intelligence is logical but depends upon concrete referents. formal operations (Piaget) - correct answer. (12-15 years), thinking involves abstractions. Assimilation - correct answer. involves the interpretation of events in terms of existing cognitive structure accommodation - correct answer. refers to changing the cognitive structure to make sense of the environment Vygotsky - correct answer. Theorist - The major theme of Vygotsky's theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. cognitive development depends on Zone of Proximal Development (what the student can do with help). "social development theory of learning." Cognitive. Kohlberg - correct answer. Theory of moral development (pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional). theorist Bloom - correct answer. His taxonomy of learning domains - impact the way educators writer learning objectives, plan learning activities, and assess student performance. Thorndike - correct answer. Connectionism. Learning theorist. (cat in box experiment) Law of Effect: any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped. Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses. Such associations or "habits" become strengthened or weakened by the nature and frequency of the S-R pairings. Watson - correct answer. Founder of behaviorism (also called learning theory). controversal - he conditioned fear of white rats and other furry objects in "Little Albert," an orphaned 11-month-old boy. Skinner - correct answer. pioneer of Operant conditioning - believed everything we do is determined by our past history of reinforcements and punishments. Erikson - correct answer. Ego Psychologist. discusses psychosocial stages. Influenced by Freud. Created 8 Psychosocial Stages. Stage 1 - correct answer. Crisis: Trust vs. mistrust Virtue: Hope Age: Infancy 0-1/1.5 Stage 2 - correct answer. Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame Virtue: Will Age: Early Childhood 1.5-3 Stage 3 - correct answer. Crisis: Initiative vs. guilt Virtue: Purpose Age: Play Age 3-5 Stage 4 - correct answer. Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority Virtue: Competency Age: School Age 5-12 Stage 5 - correct answer. Crisis: Ego identity vs. Role confusion Virtue: Fidelity Age: Adolescence 12-18 Stage 6 - correct answer. Crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation Virtue: Love Age: Young Adult 18-40 Stage 7 - correct answer. Crisis: Generativity vs. Stagnation Virtue: Care Age: Adult hood 40-65 Stage 8 - correct answer. Crisis: Ego integrity vs. despair Virtue: Wisdom Age: Maturity 65+ Metacognition - correct answer. thinking about how you think Transfer - correct answer. The ability to apply a lesson learned in one situation to a new situation. Self-efficacy - correct answer. A belief that one is capable. Self-Regulation - correct answer. the ability to control one's learning or behavior zone of proximal development - correct answer. Vygotsky. a range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of adults and more skilled peers. Operant conditioning - correct answer. Skinner. A method of influencing behavior by rewarding desired behaviors and punishing undesired ones Classical Conditioning - correct answer. Pavlov. learning refers to involuntary responses that result from experiences that occur before a response. Cognitive thinking - correct answer. How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information. THINKING, PROBLEM SOLVING, PERSONAL INTERPRETATION OF ONE'S WORLD. Cognitive development - correct answer. The development of thinking, problem solving, and memory. Information Processing - correct answer. The methods by which we take in, analyze, store, and retrieve material. Cycle Maps - correct answer. Used when a teacher wants students to understand the cyclical nature of a text. cause and effect maps - correct answer. type of graphic organizer: helps students identify causes and effects in narrative or expository texts. modeling - correct answer. Process of observing and imitating a specific behavior Standards-Based Instruction - correct answer. Use backwards design to planning for standards-based instruction. Ask yourself three questions: 1. What do students need to know and be able to do? 2. How will you assess what students know and are able to do? 3. What goes into planning the lesson? reciprocal determinism - correct answer. the effect environment has on behavior and cognition(thoughts) created by Bandura. the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. Bandura accepts the possibility of an individual's behavior being conditioned through the use of consequences Cognitivism Theory - correct answer. Theory concepts include schema, information processing, and mapping. information procesing - correct answer. (1) information made available by the environment is processed by a series of processing systems (e.g. attention, perception, short-term memory); (2) these processing systems transform or alter the information in systematic ways;