Neurocognition Literature
September - October 2024
Clinical Neuropsychology
Leiden University
,Anatomy & Development
Cognition, brain, and consciousness: Introduction to
cognitive neuroscience - Chapter 5: The Brain
,Brodmann areas
● Postal codes in the brain
● Given by similar tissue parts (about 100 areas)
, Talairach coordinates
● Finer level of resolution, like a map coordinate
● Three dimensional
● Different brains can be squeezed into a shoebox to fit and be compared by a single
framework
Layers of cortex
● Neocortex → mammalians
● Six horizontal layers organized in cortical columns (contain
closely related neurons)
○ Eg hypercolumns
● Cortical nerve cells mainly project contralaterally
● Layer 1 → dendrites
● Lower brain functions are more ancient, controlled by
brainstem, higher functions more cortical
Directions
● Dorsal - ventral
● Superior - inferior
Hemispheres
● Left → verbal, linguistic, mathematical, sequential, analytical
● Right hemisphere → almost non verbal, music, geometrical,
spatial comprehension, temporal synthesis, non speaking
Frontal lobe
● Motor planning & output
● Homunculus
● Planning, changing mental set
● Inhibition
Parietal lobe
● Maps of body space
● Multisensory integration
Temporal lobe
● Sound processing
● Auditory language & speech comprehension
● Semantic knowledge
● More inferior & posterior → representation of
visual objects
Occipital lobe
● Visual regions
September - October 2024
Clinical Neuropsychology
Leiden University
,Anatomy & Development
Cognition, brain, and consciousness: Introduction to
cognitive neuroscience - Chapter 5: The Brain
,Brodmann areas
● Postal codes in the brain
● Given by similar tissue parts (about 100 areas)
, Talairach coordinates
● Finer level of resolution, like a map coordinate
● Three dimensional
● Different brains can be squeezed into a shoebox to fit and be compared by a single
framework
Layers of cortex
● Neocortex → mammalians
● Six horizontal layers organized in cortical columns (contain
closely related neurons)
○ Eg hypercolumns
● Cortical nerve cells mainly project contralaterally
● Layer 1 → dendrites
● Lower brain functions are more ancient, controlled by
brainstem, higher functions more cortical
Directions
● Dorsal - ventral
● Superior - inferior
Hemispheres
● Left → verbal, linguistic, mathematical, sequential, analytical
● Right hemisphere → almost non verbal, music, geometrical,
spatial comprehension, temporal synthesis, non speaking
Frontal lobe
● Motor planning & output
● Homunculus
● Planning, changing mental set
● Inhibition
Parietal lobe
● Maps of body space
● Multisensory integration
Temporal lobe
● Sound processing
● Auditory language & speech comprehension
● Semantic knowledge
● More inferior & posterior → representation of
visual objects
Occipital lobe
● Visual regions
