1. Solvent
Answer
water in body fluids
2. Solute
Answer
particles dissolved or suspended in the water (Electrolytes/ions)
3. Body Fluid
Answer
-Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
-Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
4. Sodium Level
Answer
136-145 mmol/L
5. Hyponatremia causes
Answer
Excessive diaphoresis Diuretics
, Wound drainage
Decreased secretion of aldosterone Hyperlipidemia
Kidney disease NPO
Low-salt diet
Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome Hyperglycemia
6. Hyponatremia S/S
Answer
Behavior changes LOC
Sudden onset or increased confusion Seizures
Coma Death
General muscle weakness Deep tendon reflexes diminish
Muscle weakness is worse in legs and arms Nausea
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramping Hyperactive Bowel sounds Rapid, weak, thread pulse
Peripheral pulses difficult to palpate/easily blocked BP decreased
Severe orthostatic hypotension
7. Hypernatremia Causes
Answer
excess water loss excess sodium administration
diabetes insipidus heat stroke
hypertonic IV solutions
8. Hypernatremia S/S
Answer
You are 'fried' or S.A.L.T. F - Fever (low grade), flushed skin
R - Restless (irritable)