Infectious Diseases Exam Questions with Complete Answers Latest Update Already Passed

Infectious Diseases Exam Questions with Complete Answers Latest Update Already Passed infectious diseases - Answers Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis (TB) MRSA/VRE blood borne pathogens - Answers Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) HIV/AIDS define hepatitis - Answers inflammation of the liver hepatitis is a bloodborne pathogen found in... - Answers Blood and blood products Semen Vaginal fluids Wound exudates Other body fluids: cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, and peritoneal and pericardial fluids define hepatitis b virus - Answers a blood borne pathogen transmitted through contact with blood or blood products, or through sexual contact examples of how HBV can be spread - Answers Unsafe sexual contact with an infected person From an infected mother to her child during the birthing process Needle sharing when taking illicit drugs Direct contact with the blood of an infected person into the eyes of a skin cut Needle sticks or other sharp instrument injuries Blood transfusions (before 1992) survival of HBV - Answers Can survive outside of the body for as long as 7 days still capable of causing infection incubation period of HBV - Answers 6 weeks to 6 months (average of 120 days) - so it can be in the body long before it becomes active Symptoms of Acute HBV - Answers Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, weakness fatigue, low grade fever, joint and muscular pains and aching Damage to the liver may cause jaundice with additional signs of yellowing of the skin and dark colored urine hepatitis B virus facts - Answers The majority of people infected recover with normal liver function Chronic hepatitis with liver failure may develop in approximately 5% of adults Liver cancer and cirrhosis are long term complications of chronic hepatitis Approximately 1% of those infected will die treatment for acute HBV infection - Answers no medication is available and treatment is supportive treatment for chronic HBV infection - Answers several antiviral drugs are available. Patients are monitored for progressive liver disease and liver cancer HBV vaccines - Answers Immunization requires 3 injections at specific intervals All 3 injections are required for full protection to prevent transmission of hepatitis B virus.. - Answers Complete the series of vaccinations Follow Standard Precautions All blood and body fluid spills should be cleaned up using the recommendations from OSHA and CDC Proper disposal of wastes, sharps and contaminated laundry Cover wounds and any open skin Hepatitis A ("infectious" hepatitis or "traveler's virus") - Answers Person to person fecal-oral or ingestion of contaminated water or food Does not become chronic; most recover without liver disease Vaccine available; now generally given to infants in two doses; recommended for those travelling to high risk areas Hepatitis C (blood-borne like HBV) - Answers Blood transfusions or organ donations before July 1992; sharing of contaminated needles/syringes; needle sticks or other sharps instrument injuries; long term hemodialysis patients 75-85% of newly infected develop chronic infection and 60-70% develop chronic liver disease resulting in liver transplant No vaccine available HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Answers A virus that destroys the immune system by attacking CD4 receptor on the T-lymphocytes that fight against infection A mean latency period of 10-15 years occurs between initial infection with HIV and the development of the symptoms of full blown AIDS AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - Answers This diagnosis is made only after the presence of an opportunistic infection or related cancer Diagnosis can also be made when the number of CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood In the U.S. HIV is most commonly transmitted by.. - Answers Sharing needles with someone who has HIV