Chapter 1: An Invisible World B B B B
* =Correct
B
B answerMultiple
B
Choice
B
1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world?
B B B B B B B B B
A. All microbes are harmful.
B B B
B. Humans could survive without microbes.B B B B
C. Many microbes are helpful.*
B B B
D. Most microbes are pathogenic.
B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASM Standard: 23, 24
B B B
2. Which of the following is when humans first suspected the existence of microbes?
B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. during the Industrial Revolution
B B B
B. in prehistoric times*
B B
C. in the last century
B B B
D. within the last 500 years B B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:23
B
3. Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called
B B B B B B B B
“animalcules,” using a microscope he developed?
B B B B B B
A. Robert Koch B
B. Louis Pasteur B
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek* B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:6
B
4. To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are
B B B B B B B B B B B
increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop
B B B B B B B B B B B
sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
B B B B B B
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene oxide B
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:36
B
,5. The Swedish botanist known for having developed an important biological
B B B B B B B B B
classification system is which of the following people?
B B B B B B B B
A. Ernst Haeckel B
B. Carolus Linnaeus* B
C. Louis Pasteur B
D. Robert Whittaker B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
6. Which kingdom was the only one found in Empire Prokaryota?
B B B B B B B B B
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
7. Which are the three currently accepted domains?
B B B B B B
A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya*
B B B
B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota
B B B
C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista B B B
D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya
B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
8. Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using
B B B B B B B B B B B B
binomial nomenclature?
B B
A. domain and kingdom B B
B. genus and family B B
C. genus and species*B B
D. phylum and class B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
9. Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage.
B B B B B B
B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.*
B B B B B B B B B B
D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bread.
B B B B B B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: 11, 23, 26
B B B B
,10. The Romans may have reduced their risk of waterborne infectious diseases by using
B B B B B B B B B B B B
which of the following?
B B B B
A. a variety of pharmaceutical products
B B B B
B. aqueducts and a sewer system* B B B B
C. prophylactic antibiotics B
D. quarantine of people with leprosy B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 23
B B B
11. For which of the following is Thucydides known?
B B B B B B B
A. developing aneffective sewer system in ancient Greece, helping to reduce
B B B B B B B B B
levels of disease in cities
B B B B B
B. observing microbes, using a microscope, for the first time, even distinguishing
B B B B B B B B B B
between bacteria and fungi
B B B B
C. proposing that disease was caused by microorganisms
B B B B B B
D. realizing that people who had been infected by the Athenian plague had
B B B B B B B B B B B
immunity to reinfection*
B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASMStandard:23,31
B
12. Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the
B B B B B B B B B B
following subgroups?
B B
A. five kingdomsB
B. four kingdoms* B
C. two domains and three kingdoms
B B B B
D. two domains and five kingdoms
B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: N/A
B B B
13. Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics.
B B B B B B B
B. They are acellular and nonliving.*
B B B B
C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis.
B B B B B B B B B
D. They lack a nucleus. B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
14. Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species. B B B B B B B B
B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species. B B B B B B B B
C. Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.*B B B B B
, D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat.
B B B B B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
15. Current phylogenetic analyses include which of the following?
B B B B B B B
A. information from a range of sources, including morphological, genetic, and
B B B B B B B B B
biochemical data*
B B
B. information on visible similarities only B B B B
C. information regarding how to classify organisms on the basis of external
B B B B B B B B B B
morphological characteristics and visible behaviors
B B B B B
D. varied morphological and structural characteristics, with preference for leaving
B B B B B B B B
historical classifications to prevent confusion
B B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
16. Diatoms are classified within which of the following domains?
B B B B B B B B
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: N/A
B B B
17. Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following?
B B B B B B B
A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting
B B B B B B B
B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
other form of gene transfer
B B B B B
C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one
B B B B B B B B B B B
species to another, but not from parent to offspring*
B B B B B B B B B
D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring
B B B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: 2, 4
B B B B
18. Bacteria are generally identified to species byusing which of the following?
B B B B B B B B B B
A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches*
B B B B B B B
B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics
B B B B B B B B B
C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy
B B B B B B B B B B
D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cells
B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASMStandard:34,36
B
* =Correct
B
B answerMultiple
B
Choice
B
1. Which of the following is true of the microbial world?
B B B B B B B B B
A. All microbes are harmful.
B B B
B. Humans could survive without microbes.B B B B
C. Many microbes are helpful.*
B B B
D. Most microbes are pathogenic.
B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASM Standard: 23, 24
B B B
2. Which of the following is when humans first suspected the existence of microbes?
B B B B B B B B B B B B
A. during the Industrial Revolution
B B B
B. in prehistoric times*
B B
C. in the last century
B B B
D. within the last 500 years B B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:23
B
3. Which individual first observed unicellular organisms, which he called
B B B B B B B B
“animalcules,” using a microscope he developed?
B B B B B B
A. Robert Koch B
B. Louis Pasteur B
C. Thucydides
D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek* B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:6
B
4. To reduce the risk of open flame from Bunsen burners, microbiologists are
B B B B B B B B B B B
increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop
B B B B B B B B B B B
sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
B B B B B B
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene oxide B
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:36
B
,5. The Swedish botanist known for having developed an important biological
B B B B B B B B B
classification system is which of the following people?
B B B B B B B B
A. Ernst Haeckel B
B. Carolus Linnaeus* B
C. Louis Pasteur B
D. Robert Whittaker B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
6. Which kingdom was the only one found in Empire Prokaryota?
B B B B B B B B B
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
7. Which are the three currently accepted domains?
B B B B B B
A. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya*
B B B
B. Archaea, Prokaryota, and Eukaryota
B B B
C. Bacteria, Fungi, and Protista B B B
D. Bacteria, Prokaryota, and Eukarya
B B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
8. Which two taxonomic units are typically used to identify an organism when using
B B B B B B B B B B B B
binomial nomenclature?
B B
A. domain and kingdom B B
B. genus and family B B
C. genus and species*B B
D. phylum and class B B
Difficulty: Easy B
ASMStandard:N/A
B
9. Which of the following is not true about the process of fermentation?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. It can help preserve foods, preventing spoilage.
B B B B B B
B. It converts sugars to organic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
B B B B B B B B B B B B
C. It is carried out exclusively by unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast.*
B B B B B B B B B B
D. It is used to make foods such as cheese and bread.
B B B B B B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: 11, 23, 26
B B B B
,10. The Romans may have reduced their risk of waterborne infectious diseases by using
B B B B B B B B B B B B
which of the following?
B B B B
A. a variety of pharmaceutical products
B B B B
B. aqueducts and a sewer system* B B B B
C. prophylactic antibiotics B
D. quarantine of people with leprosy B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 23
B B B
11. For which of the following is Thucydides known?
B B B B B B B
A. developing aneffective sewer system in ancient Greece, helping to reduce
B B B B B B B B B
levels of disease in cities
B B B B B
B. observing microbes, using a microscope, for the first time, even distinguishing
B B B B B B B B B B
between bacteria and fungi
B B B B
C. proposing that disease was caused by microorganisms
B B B B B B
D. realizing that people who had been infected by the Athenian plague had
B B B B B B B B B B B
immunity to reinfection*
B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASMStandard:23,31
B
12. Ernst Haeckel proposed a classification system consisting of which of the
B B B B B B B B B B
following subgroups?
B B
A. five kingdomsB
B. four kingdoms* B
C. two domains and three kingdoms
B B B B
D. two domains and five kingdoms
B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: N/A
B B B
13. Viruses not included in phylogenetic trees for which of the following reasons?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. It is too difficult to observe their characteristics.
B B B B B B B
B. They are acellular and nonliving.*
B B B B
C. They do not have any genes, which prevents genetic analysis.
B B B B B B B B B
D. They lack a nucleus. B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
14. Which is the best description of the primary purpose of a phylogeny?
B B B B B B B B B B B
A. Phylogenies show all the alterative names for each species. B B B B B B B B
B. Phylogenies show all the common names for each species. B B B B B B B B
C. Phylogenies show evolutionary relatedness between organisms.*B B B B B
, D. Phylogenies show interactions between species in a shared habitat.
B B B B B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
15. Current phylogenetic analyses include which of the following?
B B B B B B B
A. information from a range of sources, including morphological, genetic, and
B B B B B B B B B
biochemical data*
B B
B. information on visible similarities only B B B B
C. information regarding how to classify organisms on the basis of external
B B B B B B B B B B
morphological characteristics and visible behaviors
B B B B B
D. varied morphological and structural characteristics, with preference for leaving
B B B B B B B B
historical classifications to prevent confusion
B B B B B
Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
B B B
16. Diatoms are classified within which of the following domains?
B B B B B B B B
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: N/A
B B B
17. Horizontal gene transfer involves which of the following?
B B B B B B B
A. any transfer of genes in a laboratory setting
B B B B B B B
B. the transfer of genes from a virus to a bacterium or vice versa but not any
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
other form of gene transfer
B B B B B
C. the transfer of genes from one individual to another, including from one
B B B B B B B B B B B
species to another, but not from parent to offspring*
B B B B B B B B B
D. the transfer of genes from parent to offspring
B B B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASM Standard: 2, 4
B B B B
18. Bacteria are generally identified to species byusing which of the following?
B B B B B B B B B B
A. a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches*
B B B B B B B
B. a combination of microscopic and physiological approaches, but not genetics
B B B B B B B B B
C. primarily characteristics such as motility that can be visualized using microscopy
B B B B B B B B B B
D. primarily morphological characteristics of individual cells
B B B B B
Difficulty: Moderate B
ASMStandard:34,36
B
