Quiz 4 Comprehensive Test Prep Actual Questions And Detailed Answers.

Watershed zone - periventricular white matter - correct answer What is the most common site for PVL? Periventricular Leukomalacia ; softening/cystic necrosis of periventricular white matter in watershed zones - correct answer What does the term PVL mean? Watershed zones - correct answer Arterial boundaries in the white matter are called? Highly echogenic intraparenchymal lesions; well defined borders; usually seen bilaterally - correct answer How does PVL initially present? infants with abnormal cerebral echogenicity than infants with normal cerebral echogenicity; mostly premies more than term infants - correct answer Focal and multifocal ischemic brain injury affects who more often? Absence of gyral definition, vascular pulsations, increased echogenicity - correct answer What are the most striking characteristics of an acute cerebral infarct? Ischemic brain injury - PVL - correct answer Infants undergoing ECMO therapy are at risk for what? Ischemic events leading to deprivation of blood perfusion - correct answer What is the possible cause for PVL? organogenic error ; cystic dilatation of 4th vent secondary to atresia of foramen of Luschka/Magendie ; dysgenesis of vermis of cerebellum - correct answer What is dandy walker associated with? Replacement of the cerebral hemispheres by fluid; destructive brain lesion from carotid artery occlusion or intrauterine infection - correct answer What is the description for hydranencephaly? Severe hydrocephalus - correct answer What is the most probable differential diagnosis for hydranecephaly? Severe hydro is distinguished by visualization of small amounts of brain tissue or doppler; hydran= hypoplastic ICA ; hydro= normal ICA - correct answer How do you tell the difference between hydranencephaly and severe hydro? Blockage of CSF flow at a point beyond the ventricular system - correct answer What best describes communicating hydrocephalus? Downward displacement of cerebellum and 4th vent into spinal canal - correct answer What is Chiari 2 malformation? chromosomal defects, viral infections, toxins, maternal diabetes - correct answer What is the etiology of Dandy-walker malf? disorder of diverticulation; prosencephalon fails to develop into telencephalon and diencephalon - correct answer What is holoprosencephaly? In the area of the quadrigeminal plate/cistern - correct answer Where is the vein of galen aneurysm located? Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct - imbalance of CSF formation and absorption - correct answer What is the most common cause of congenital hydro? massive calcifications - correct answer For herpes virus - what is the U/S appearance? subependymal cysts with echogenic foci in basal ganglia - correct answer For Rubella - what is the U/S appearance? Agyria (smooth brain) - lack of gyral development - correct answer What do you see sonographically in lissencephaly? Sacrococcygeal teratoma - correct answer What is the most common neoplasm of the neonate? Porencephalic cyst - correct answer A cyst that is the result of hemorrhage, infarct , or infection is most likely? CMV - correct answer What is the most common TORCH infection? Conus medullaris - correct answer Inferior end of the cord tapers to form "V" Filum terminale - correct answer Actual tip of the cord Sacral dimple - correct answer Most common indication of spinal ultrasound is? True - correct answer T/F - The use of ultrasound may be due to incomplete ossification of vertebral column False - correct answer T/F - Cord should always be fixed and not move Prone of decubitus - correct answer What is the patient position for spinal ultrasound? Hypoechoic with echogenic central echo complex - correct answer Normal U/S appearance of spinal cord?