MBA 704- Chapter 13 & 14 Exam
Questions and Answers
Warren Bennis - Answers --"effective leadership cannot exist without the full inclusion,
initiatives and the cooperation of employees;" one cannot be a great leader without
great followers
Barry Posner - Answers --"leaders need to be human"
Difference between leaders & managers - Answers -Leaders conquer the context-the
volatile, turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against us
and will surely suffocate us if we let them-while managers surrender to it"
Authentic Leaders - Answers --Luthans & Colleagues: "to know oneself, to be consistent
with oneself, and to have positive and strength-based orientations toward one's
development and the development of others."
-Bill George: "bring people together around a shared mission and values and empower
them to lead in order to serve their customers while creating value for all their
stakeholders."
Iowa Leadership Studies - Answers --Late 1930s by Ronald Lippitt & Ralph K. White
under general direction of Kurt Lwin at University of Iowa
-Three different styles of leadership: authoritarian (strict/no participation) , democratic
(encouraged group collaboration) , laissez-faire (complete freedom)
-Experiments were designed to examine patterns in aggressive behavior and productive
behavior of the group based on the leadership style
-Conclusion: different styles of leadership can produce different, complex reactions from
the same or similar groups
Ohio State Leadership Studies - Answers --Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function
-Two-dimensional approach lessened the gap between the strict task orientation of the
scientific management movement and the human relations emphasis
-Multilevel leadership: person, dyad, group, and collective/community
Early Michigan Leadership Studies - Answers --Conduced around same time as the
Ohio State studies
, -Results: Supervisors of high-producing section were more general rather than close in
their supervisory styles and be employee-centered; whereas, supervisors in low-
producing sections were close, production-centered.
-Employee satisfaction is NOT directly related to productivity, the type of supervision
was key to performance.
**General, employee-centered supervisor= standard-bearer for the traditional human
relations approach to leadership
Great person theory of leadership - Answers --Some individuals are born with certain
traits that allow them to emerge out of any situation or period of history to become
leaders
-Avolio & Luthans: leadership is affect by BOTH nature (genetics) and nurture
(development)
Trait theory of Leadership - Answers --Identifying the personality traits of the leader
-Biggest problems facing managers: they think they know what the qualities of a
successful leader; yet almost any adjective can be used to describe a successful leader
-"Big Five" personality traits led to strong empirical support for the leader trait
perspective
Situational approach - Answers --Initially called "Zeitgeist;" German for "spirit of the
time"
-The leader is viewed as a product of the time and the situation; the person with the
particular qualities or traits that a situation requires will emerge as a leader
-Serves as the basis for situational/"contingency"/contextual theories of leadership
Traits to States and Skills Development - Answers --Positive Organizational Behavior
(POB) aids in understanding and developing leadership
--Optimism, hope, resiliency, emotional intelligence, and especially self-efficacy are
related to effective leaders
-Skill development: Yukl- creativity, organization, persuasiveness, diplomacy and
tactfulness, knowledge of the task, and the ability to speak well.
-Study of leader "competencies"
1. Drive
2. Leadership motivation
3. Integrity
4. Self-confidence
5. Intelligence
6. Knowledge of the business
7. Emotional Intelligence
Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership - Answers --There must be a positive
exchange between the leaders and followers in order for group goals to be
accomplished.
Questions and Answers
Warren Bennis - Answers --"effective leadership cannot exist without the full inclusion,
initiatives and the cooperation of employees;" one cannot be a great leader without
great followers
Barry Posner - Answers --"leaders need to be human"
Difference between leaders & managers - Answers -Leaders conquer the context-the
volatile, turbulent, ambiguous surroundings that sometimes seem to conspire against us
and will surely suffocate us if we let them-while managers surrender to it"
Authentic Leaders - Answers --Luthans & Colleagues: "to know oneself, to be consistent
with oneself, and to have positive and strength-based orientations toward one's
development and the development of others."
-Bill George: "bring people together around a shared mission and values and empower
them to lead in order to serve their customers while creating value for all their
stakeholders."
Iowa Leadership Studies - Answers --Late 1930s by Ronald Lippitt & Ralph K. White
under general direction of Kurt Lwin at University of Iowa
-Three different styles of leadership: authoritarian (strict/no participation) , democratic
(encouraged group collaboration) , laissez-faire (complete freedom)
-Experiments were designed to examine patterns in aggressive behavior and productive
behavior of the group based on the leadership style
-Conclusion: different styles of leadership can produce different, complex reactions from
the same or similar groups
Ohio State Leadership Studies - Answers --Two dimensions of leadership:
1. Consideration= recognition of individual needs and relationships
2. Initiating structure= task or goal orientation
--Studies show only how leaders carry out their leadership function
-Two-dimensional approach lessened the gap between the strict task orientation of the
scientific management movement and the human relations emphasis
-Multilevel leadership: person, dyad, group, and collective/community
Early Michigan Leadership Studies - Answers --Conduced around same time as the
Ohio State studies
, -Results: Supervisors of high-producing section were more general rather than close in
their supervisory styles and be employee-centered; whereas, supervisors in low-
producing sections were close, production-centered.
-Employee satisfaction is NOT directly related to productivity, the type of supervision
was key to performance.
**General, employee-centered supervisor= standard-bearer for the traditional human
relations approach to leadership
Great person theory of leadership - Answers --Some individuals are born with certain
traits that allow them to emerge out of any situation or period of history to become
leaders
-Avolio & Luthans: leadership is affect by BOTH nature (genetics) and nurture
(development)
Trait theory of Leadership - Answers --Identifying the personality traits of the leader
-Biggest problems facing managers: they think they know what the qualities of a
successful leader; yet almost any adjective can be used to describe a successful leader
-"Big Five" personality traits led to strong empirical support for the leader trait
perspective
Situational approach - Answers --Initially called "Zeitgeist;" German for "spirit of the
time"
-The leader is viewed as a product of the time and the situation; the person with the
particular qualities or traits that a situation requires will emerge as a leader
-Serves as the basis for situational/"contingency"/contextual theories of leadership
Traits to States and Skills Development - Answers --Positive Organizational Behavior
(POB) aids in understanding and developing leadership
--Optimism, hope, resiliency, emotional intelligence, and especially self-efficacy are
related to effective leaders
-Skill development: Yukl- creativity, organization, persuasiveness, diplomacy and
tactfulness, knowledge of the task, and the ability to speak well.
-Study of leader "competencies"
1. Drive
2. Leadership motivation
3. Integrity
4. Self-confidence
5. Intelligence
6. Knowledge of the business
7. Emotional Intelligence
Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership - Answers --There must be a positive
exchange between the leaders and followers in order for group goals to be
accomplished.
