©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/22/2024 12:14 PM
BIO 265 Exam 3 (Final) UH Manoa Justin
Walguarney . Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
What is inclusive fitness? - answer✔Total effect an individual has on passing on its genes by
producing offspring and helping close relative produce offspring
When was evolutionary ecology evolved? - answer✔In late 1940 to understand clutch size in
birds
What is the purpose of behavioral ecology? - answer✔To understand survival value of behavior
What is strategy set? - answer✔The trait that is under selection, the choiceEx: Body size
What is currency? - answer✔Fitness or an indicator of fitnessThe actual results from one trait
compared to another.Ex Amount of food eaten etc...
What are constraints? - answer✔Trade off necessitated by each choice?What did they give up in
return for picking a specific trait
For body sizes, what is the optimum body size? - answer✔Intermediate
Pied Wagtail Food Acquisition: How do you know they make a choice based on whats available
or whats logical? - answer✔Look at what most abundant, if they still choose the opposite, then
you know it is logical.
Two examples of optimization currency - answer✔Maximize energy per unit handling time
(How much food to get per size)ANDMinimize handling time to obtain food (Energy to crack
open whelk)
Marginal Value Theorem - answer✔Tangent line from travel time to loading curve, horizontally
down is the optimal LEAVING timeShort travel time=Earlier leaving timeLonger Travel time=
Later Leaving Time
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/22/2024 12:14 PM
What are Haustoria? - answer✔Pegs of absorptive tissue inserted into vascular system of plant
host
What determines the number of haustoria? - answer✔Length of coiled stem
What is reproductive effort? - answer✔Relative amount of energy devoted to reproduction
Trade off between size and reproduction? - answer✔Bigger can survive better, but wont be able
to produce as many.Smaller: Can produce a lot but wont be able to survive as well
What happens if we modify the amount of NATURAL clutch size? - answer✔Reduces fitness
How to tell when is the optimal age for first reproduction or Territory size area? - answer✔When
benefits outweighs cost (Largest Margin)
How to determining the optimum group size in a graph? - answer✔Always look at the maximum
feeding size to see flock size..W/O Feeding, just look at intermediate size
In a group size problem graph, what happens if you add a predator? - answer✔You need to
invest more time in scanning, so the optimal size shifts up a bit along with feeding
Consequences for Shorter Vs longer Sperm? - answer✔Shorter sperm might not have enough
energy to travelLonger sperm might not fit in tubule.optimal sperm size is dependent on female
tubule size
What is Parthenogenesis? - answer✔Development of a new individual from an UNFERTILIZED
EGG
Some parthenogenic species only need sperm to trigger reproduction, BUT ______ -
answer✔The genotype is still identical to female
What is two fold cost of sex? - answer✔When sexual females will only have 1/2 amount of
daughters as asexual females.Due to 50% dilution of genetics from male gametes
Which will increase faster? Sexual or Asexual? - answer✔Asexual
Some strong advantages of Sexual reproduction - answer✔1) Error Correction 2) Genetic
Variation 3) Unique genetic mutations
What is DNA repair hypothesis? - answer✔Sex without reproduction. When there is a disruption
to the DNA, the DNA repair mechanism can try correct the error.Reduces the change of
homologous deleterious alleles
10/22/2024 12:14 PM
BIO 265 Exam 3 (Final) UH Manoa Justin
Walguarney . Exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
What is inclusive fitness? - answer✔Total effect an individual has on passing on its genes by
producing offspring and helping close relative produce offspring
When was evolutionary ecology evolved? - answer✔In late 1940 to understand clutch size in
birds
What is the purpose of behavioral ecology? - answer✔To understand survival value of behavior
What is strategy set? - answer✔The trait that is under selection, the choiceEx: Body size
What is currency? - answer✔Fitness or an indicator of fitnessThe actual results from one trait
compared to another.Ex Amount of food eaten etc...
What are constraints? - answer✔Trade off necessitated by each choice?What did they give up in
return for picking a specific trait
For body sizes, what is the optimum body size? - answer✔Intermediate
Pied Wagtail Food Acquisition: How do you know they make a choice based on whats available
or whats logical? - answer✔Look at what most abundant, if they still choose the opposite, then
you know it is logical.
Two examples of optimization currency - answer✔Maximize energy per unit handling time
(How much food to get per size)ANDMinimize handling time to obtain food (Energy to crack
open whelk)
Marginal Value Theorem - answer✔Tangent line from travel time to loading curve, horizontally
down is the optimal LEAVING timeShort travel time=Earlier leaving timeLonger Travel time=
Later Leaving Time
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/22/2024 12:14 PM
What are Haustoria? - answer✔Pegs of absorptive tissue inserted into vascular system of plant
host
What determines the number of haustoria? - answer✔Length of coiled stem
What is reproductive effort? - answer✔Relative amount of energy devoted to reproduction
Trade off between size and reproduction? - answer✔Bigger can survive better, but wont be able
to produce as many.Smaller: Can produce a lot but wont be able to survive as well
What happens if we modify the amount of NATURAL clutch size? - answer✔Reduces fitness
How to tell when is the optimal age for first reproduction or Territory size area? - answer✔When
benefits outweighs cost (Largest Margin)
How to determining the optimum group size in a graph? - answer✔Always look at the maximum
feeding size to see flock size..W/O Feeding, just look at intermediate size
In a group size problem graph, what happens if you add a predator? - answer✔You need to
invest more time in scanning, so the optimal size shifts up a bit along with feeding
Consequences for Shorter Vs longer Sperm? - answer✔Shorter sperm might not have enough
energy to travelLonger sperm might not fit in tubule.optimal sperm size is dependent on female
tubule size
What is Parthenogenesis? - answer✔Development of a new individual from an UNFERTILIZED
EGG
Some parthenogenic species only need sperm to trigger reproduction, BUT ______ -
answer✔The genotype is still identical to female
What is two fold cost of sex? - answer✔When sexual females will only have 1/2 amount of
daughters as asexual females.Due to 50% dilution of genetics from male gametes
Which will increase faster? Sexual or Asexual? - answer✔Asexual
Some strong advantages of Sexual reproduction - answer✔1) Error Correction 2) Genetic
Variation 3) Unique genetic mutations
What is DNA repair hypothesis? - answer✔Sex without reproduction. When there is a disruption
to the DNA, the DNA repair mechanism can try correct the error.Reduces the change of
homologous deleterious alleles
