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Hormones play an ___________ role (priming the body to behave in a certain way once puberty
begins) and an __________ role (triggering certain behavioral and physical changes). -
✔✔organizational
activational
_________ sex characteristics are organs specifically needed for reproduction, like the uterus
and ovaries in females and the testes in males.
________ sex characteristics, on the other hand, are physical signs of sexual maturation that do
not directly involve sex organs. In females, this includes development of breasts and widening of
hips, while in males it includes development of facial hair and deepening of the voice. -
✔✔Primary
Secondary
, The male and female gonads are activated by the surge of ___________, which puts them into a
state of rapid growth and development - ✔✔hormones
The testes primarily release ___________, and the ovaries release _________; the production of
these hormones increases gradually until sexual maturation is met. -
✔✔testosterone estrogen
Girls experience menarche, the beginning of menstrual periods, usually around _____ years old,
and boys experience spermarche, the first ejaculation, around _____ years old - ✔✔12-13
13-14
.......... is a rapid increase in an individual's height and weight during puberty resulting from the
simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and androgens. Males experience
their growth spurt about two years later than females. - ✔✔The adolescent growth spurt
During puberty, males grow muscle much faster than females, and females experience a
higher increase in body fat. The ratio between muscle and fat in post-pubertal males is around
___, while for males it is about ____. An adolescent's heart and lungs increase in both size and
capacity during puberty; these changes contribute to increased strength and tolerance for
exercise. - ✔✔1:3
5:4
The adolescent brain also remains under development during this time. Adolescents often engage
in increased risk-taking behaviors and experience heightened emotions during puberty; this may