MSN 610 - MODULE 4
Muscles involved in respiration:
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, trapezius - ANSWERS-Diaphragm: dominant
muscle, contracts during inspiration
intercostal: increase and decrease diameter of chest during inspiration and
expiration
accessory muscles are used during exercise or pulmonary compromise
Bronchiectasis - ANSWERS-An abnormal condition of the bronchial tree
characterized by irreversible dilation and destruction of the bronchial walls
S/S constant cough producing copious purulent sputum, hemoptysis, chronic
sinusitis, clubbing of fingers, persistent moist coarse crackles
Bronchophony - ANSWERS-Increased loudness of spoken sounds
Pectoriloquy - ANSWERS-Increased resonance, whisper heard clearly through the
stethoscope
Egophony - ANSWERS-Increased intensity of spoken sounds with nasal quality
Areas of auscultation
,Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Tubular - ANSWERS-Bronchial: over the trachea
bronchovesicular: over the bronchi
vesicular: over lung fields
tubular: over the trachea
Where do you palpate tactile fremitus? - ANSWERS-Palpate posteriorly and
laterally at the level of the bronchial bifurcation
The Anterior-posterior diameter of the chest should be ____ of the transverse
diameter - ANSWERS-Half
Normal thoracic percussion
___ over lungs
___ over heart, liver and spleen
___ over heavy muscles or bones
___ over the stomach
___ over viscera - ANSWERS-Resonance- lungs
Dull- heart/liver/spleen
, Flat- muscle/bone
Tympany- stomach
Flat- viscera
Normal diaphragmatic excursion percussion - ANSWERS-3-5 cm
higher on right side due to placement over liver
Normal Auscultation of Lungs
vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial - ANSWERS-Vesicular: low pitch/intensity with soft/short expirations
over healthy lung tissue
Bronchovesicular: moderate (medium) pitch/intensity, expiration equals
inspiration, over major bronchi
bronchial: high pitch/intensity with loud and long expirations, over trachea
Normal respiratory findings in an infant - ANSWERS-Acrocyanosis
Obligate nose breathers
Brief periods of apnea as long as 10-15 seconds
Frequent hiccupping
Muscles involved in respiration:
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenus, trapezius - ANSWERS-Diaphragm: dominant
muscle, contracts during inspiration
intercostal: increase and decrease diameter of chest during inspiration and
expiration
accessory muscles are used during exercise or pulmonary compromise
Bronchiectasis - ANSWERS-An abnormal condition of the bronchial tree
characterized by irreversible dilation and destruction of the bronchial walls
S/S constant cough producing copious purulent sputum, hemoptysis, chronic
sinusitis, clubbing of fingers, persistent moist coarse crackles
Bronchophony - ANSWERS-Increased loudness of spoken sounds
Pectoriloquy - ANSWERS-Increased resonance, whisper heard clearly through the
stethoscope
Egophony - ANSWERS-Increased intensity of spoken sounds with nasal quality
Areas of auscultation
,Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Tubular - ANSWERS-Bronchial: over the trachea
bronchovesicular: over the bronchi
vesicular: over lung fields
tubular: over the trachea
Where do you palpate tactile fremitus? - ANSWERS-Palpate posteriorly and
laterally at the level of the bronchial bifurcation
The Anterior-posterior diameter of the chest should be ____ of the transverse
diameter - ANSWERS-Half
Normal thoracic percussion
___ over lungs
___ over heart, liver and spleen
___ over heavy muscles or bones
___ over the stomach
___ over viscera - ANSWERS-Resonance- lungs
Dull- heart/liver/spleen
, Flat- muscle/bone
Tympany- stomach
Flat- viscera
Normal diaphragmatic excursion percussion - ANSWERS-3-5 cm
higher on right side due to placement over liver
Normal Auscultation of Lungs
vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial - ANSWERS-Vesicular: low pitch/intensity with soft/short expirations
over healthy lung tissue
Bronchovesicular: moderate (medium) pitch/intensity, expiration equals
inspiration, over major bronchi
bronchial: high pitch/intensity with loud and long expirations, over trachea
Normal respiratory findings in an infant - ANSWERS-Acrocyanosis
Obligate nose breathers
Brief periods of apnea as long as 10-15 seconds
Frequent hiccupping
