, Nicolas Ostler - CORRECT ANSWERS-He thinks that instant translation technology will
remove the need for people to learn new languages and might prevent many languages
around the world from becoming extinct
Kachru's Circles - CORRECT ANSWERS-A very important model of how English has
developed and is developing across the world
McArthur - CORRECT ANSWERS-The circle of World English
Crystal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Believes that English will break up into a series of
distinct dialects (and ultimately languages?) as happened to Latin
Graddol - CORRECT ANSWERS-Thinks speakers of English will need to become fluent
in a number of varieties of English as the world's economy shifts away from US (India
could become the most populous country and third biggest economy in the next 10-20
years)
Typical Inner Circle speakers - CORRECT ANSWERS-British, American and Australian
English
Typical Outer Circle speakers - CORRECT ANSWERS-Singlish, Indian English,
Jamaican Creole
Typical Expanding Circle speaker - CORRECT ANSWERS-Chinese English
Attitude towards Singlish - CORRECT ANSWERS-Prescriptivist attitude that Singlish is
wrong and speakers should stick to the standard form of English, not creole. -
Government made a speak good English campaign.
Simon Jenkins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Those who don't speak English are at a
'universal disadvantage'
Alistair Pennycook (Post-colonial viewpoint) - CORRECT ANSWERS-English does not
deserve to be the world's language; it has only achieved this status through colonialism
and brutality and has caused many of the world's languages to disappear.
GVS - CORRECT ANSWERS-Great Vowel Shift
Aitchison's PIDC - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potential (e.g. Functionalist Theory or the
influence of technology)
Implementation (i.e. how changes come into widespread use)
Diffusion (e.g. diffusion models)
Codification (changes confirmed in dictionaries, etc)
remove the need for people to learn new languages and might prevent many languages
around the world from becoming extinct
Kachru's Circles - CORRECT ANSWERS-A very important model of how English has
developed and is developing across the world
McArthur - CORRECT ANSWERS-The circle of World English
Crystal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Believes that English will break up into a series of
distinct dialects (and ultimately languages?) as happened to Latin
Graddol - CORRECT ANSWERS-Thinks speakers of English will need to become fluent
in a number of varieties of English as the world's economy shifts away from US (India
could become the most populous country and third biggest economy in the next 10-20
years)
Typical Inner Circle speakers - CORRECT ANSWERS-British, American and Australian
English
Typical Outer Circle speakers - CORRECT ANSWERS-Singlish, Indian English,
Jamaican Creole
Typical Expanding Circle speaker - CORRECT ANSWERS-Chinese English
Attitude towards Singlish - CORRECT ANSWERS-Prescriptivist attitude that Singlish is
wrong and speakers should stick to the standard form of English, not creole. -
Government made a speak good English campaign.
Simon Jenkins - CORRECT ANSWERS-Those who don't speak English are at a
'universal disadvantage'
Alistair Pennycook (Post-colonial viewpoint) - CORRECT ANSWERS-English does not
deserve to be the world's language; it has only achieved this status through colonialism
and brutality and has caused many of the world's languages to disappear.
GVS - CORRECT ANSWERS-Great Vowel Shift
Aitchison's PIDC - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potential (e.g. Functionalist Theory or the
influence of technology)
Implementation (i.e. how changes come into widespread use)
Diffusion (e.g. diffusion models)
Codification (changes confirmed in dictionaries, etc)
