TEST BANK 6 6
Pathophysiology 7th Edition 6 6
Jacquelyn L. Banasik - ISBN: 9780323761550
6 6 6 6 6
666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666
,Chapter601:6Introduction6to6Pathophysiology
Banasik:6Pathophysiology,67th6Edition6
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. C.Q.6was6recently6exposed6to6group6A6hemolytic6Streptococcus6and6subsequently6developed6
a6pharyngeal6infection.6His6clinic6examination6reveals6an6oral6temperature6of6102.36F,6skin6rash,6dysp
hagia,6and6reddened6throat6mucosa6with6multiple6pustules.6He6complains6of6sore6throat,6malaise,6an
d6joint6stiffness.6A6throat6culture6is6positive6for6Streptococcus,6and6antibiotics6have6been6prescribed.
The6etiology6of6C.Q.’s6disease6is
a. a6sore6throat.
b. streptococcal6infection.
c. genetic6susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:6B
Etiology6refers6to6the6proposed6cause6or6causes6of6a6particular6disease6process.6A6sore6throat6is6the
6manifestation6of6the6disease6process.6Genetic6susceptibility6refers6to6inherited6tendency6to6develo
p6a6disease.6Pharyngitis6refers6to6inflammation6of6the6throat6and6is6also6a6clinical6manifestation6of6t
he6disease6process.
2. A617-year-old6college-
bound6student6receives6a6vaccine6against6an6organism6that6causes6meningitis.6This6is6an6examp
le6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6suscept
ible6individuals6by6providing6vaccination.6Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6
management6of6the6disease.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and
,attempts6to6alleviate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6Disease6treatment6involv
es6management6of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
3. An6obese6but6otherwise6healthy6teen6is6given6a6prescription6for6a6low-
calorie6diet6and6exercise6program.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6B
Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease6such6
as6prescribing6diet6and6exercise6for6an6individual6who6has6already6developed6obesity.
Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6suscep
tible6individuals.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6allevi
ate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6Disease6treatment6involves6management6of6the6diseas
e6once6it6has6developed.
4. A6patient6with6high6blood6pressure6who6is6otherwise6healthy6is6counseled6to6restrict6sodiu
m6intake.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6B
Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease,6such6as6by6p
rescribing6sodium6restriction6for6high6blood6pressure.6Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6
altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6susceptible6individuals.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6re
habilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6alleviate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6
Disease6treatment6involves6management6of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
, 5. After6suffering6a6heart6attack,6a6middle-aged6man6is6counseled6to6take6a6cholesterol-
lowering6medication.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6C
Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6alleviate6disability6an
d6restore6effective6functioning6such6as6prescribing6a6cholesterol-lowering
medication6following6a6heart6attack.6Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6suscep
tibility6or6reducing6expUosuSre6fNor6sTusceptibOle6individuals.6Secondary6prevention6is6the
early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease.6Disease6treatment6involves6management6
of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
6. A6patient6has6been6exposed6to6meningococcal6meningitis,6but6is6not6yet6demonstrating6signs6
of6this6disease.6This6stage6of6illness6is6called6the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence6
ANS:6B
Incubation6refers6to6the6interval6between6exposure6of6a6tissue6to6an6injurious6agent6and6the6first6appe
arance6of6signs6and6symptoms.6In6infectious6diseases,6this6period6is6often6called6the6incubation6(latent)
6period.6Prodromal6refers6to6the6appearance6of6the6first6signs6and6symptoms6indicating6the6onset6of6a6
disease.6These6are6often6nonspecific,6such6as6headache,6malaise,6anorexia,6and6nausea,6which6are6asso
ciated6with6a6number6of6different6diseases.
Sequela6refers6to6subsequent6pathologic6condition6resulting6from6a6disease.6Convalescence6is6the6sta
ge6of6recovery6after6a6disease,6injury,6or6surgical6operation.
7. A6disease6that6is6native6to6a6particular6region6is6called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
Pathophysiology 7th Edition 6 6
Jacquelyn L. Banasik - ISBN: 9780323761550
6 6 6 6 6
666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666
,Chapter601:6Introduction6to6Pathophysiology
Banasik:6Pathophysiology,67th6Edition6
MULTIPLE6CHOICE
1. C.Q.6was6recently6exposed6to6group6A6hemolytic6Streptococcus6and6subsequently6developed6
a6pharyngeal6infection.6His6clinic6examination6reveals6an6oral6temperature6of6102.36F,6skin6rash,6dysp
hagia,6and6reddened6throat6mucosa6with6multiple6pustules.6He6complains6of6sore6throat,6malaise,6an
d6joint6stiffness.6A6throat6culture6is6positive6for6Streptococcus,6and6antibiotics6have6been6prescribed.
The6etiology6of6C.Q.’s6disease6is
a. a6sore6throat.
b. streptococcal6infection.
c. genetic6susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:6B
Etiology6refers6to6the6proposed6cause6or6causes6of6a6particular6disease6process.6A6sore6throat6is6the
6manifestation6of6the6disease6process.6Genetic6susceptibility6refers6to6inherited6tendency6to6develo
p6a6disease.6Pharyngitis6refers6to6inflammation6of6the6throat6and6is6also6a6clinical6manifestation6of6t
he6disease6process.
2. A617-year-old6college-
bound6student6receives6a6vaccine6against6an6organism6that6causes6meningitis.6This6is6an6examp
le6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6A
NURSINGTB.COM
Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6suscept
ible6individuals6by6providing6vaccination.6Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6
management6of6the6disease.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and
,attempts6to6alleviate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6Disease6treatment6involv
es6management6of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
3. An6obese6but6otherwise6healthy6teen6is6given6a6prescription6for6a6low-
calorie6diet6and6exercise6program.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6B
Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease6such6
as6prescribing6diet6and6exercise6for6an6individual6who6has6already6developed6obesity.
Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6suscep
tible6individuals.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6allevi
ate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6Disease6treatment6involves6management6of6the6diseas
e6once6it6has6developed.
4. A6patient6with6high6blood6pressure6who6is6otherwise6healthy6is6counseled6to6restrict6sodiu
m6intake.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6B
Secondary6prevention6is6the6early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease,6such6as6by6p
rescribing6sodium6restriction6for6high6blood6pressure.6Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6
altering6susceptibility6or6reducing6exposure6for6susceptible6individuals.6Tertiary6prevention6includes6re
habilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6alleviate6disability6and6restore6effective6functioning.6
Disease6treatment6involves6management6of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
, 5. After6suffering6a6heart6attack,6a6middle-aged6man6is6counseled6to6take6a6cholesterol-
lowering6medication.6This6is6an6example6of
a. primary6prevention.
b. secondary6prevention.
c. tertiary6prevention.
d. disease6treatment
.6ANS:6C
Tertiary6prevention6includes6rehabilitative6and6supportive6care6and6attempts6to6alleviate6disability6an
d6restore6effective6functioning6such6as6prescribing6a6cholesterol-lowering
medication6following6a6heart6attack.6Primary6prevention6is6prevention6of6disease6by6altering6suscep
tibility6or6reducing6expUosuSre6fNor6sTusceptibOle6individuals.6Secondary6prevention6is6the
early6detection,6screening,6and6management6of6the6disease.6Disease6treatment6involves6management6
of6the6disease6once6it6has6developed.
6. A6patient6has6been6exposed6to6meningococcal6meningitis,6but6is6not6yet6demonstrating6signs6
of6this6disease.6This6stage6of6illness6is6called6the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence6
ANS:6B
Incubation6refers6to6the6interval6between6exposure6of6a6tissue6to6an6injurious6agent6and6the6first6appe
arance6of6signs6and6symptoms.6In6infectious6diseases,6this6period6is6often6called6the6incubation6(latent)
6period.6Prodromal6refers6to6the6appearance6of6the6first6signs6and6symptoms6indicating6the6onset6of6a6
disease.6These6are6often6nonspecific,6such6as6headache,6malaise,6anorexia,6and6nausea,6which6are6asso
ciated6with6a6number6of6different6diseases.
Sequela6refers6to6subsequent6pathologic6condition6resulting6from6a6disease.6Convalescence6is6the6sta
ge6of6recovery6after6a6disease,6injury,6or6surgical6operation.
7. A6disease6that6is6native6to6a6particular6region6is6called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
