Clinical Lab Final Exam
1-3 Days - ANS Lab turnaround time for routine tests
1-2 hours - ANS Lab turnaround time for priority tests
30-60 minutes - ANS Lab turnaround time for STAT tests
Quality control and training - ANS What are the challenges of point of care testing?
Critical Lab Value - ANS Any test result that may require rapid clinical attention to avert significant
patient morbidity or mortality and prompts verbal notification of test results to Pt
Specificity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly exclude individuals who do not have a given disease or
condition
Sensitivity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a given disease or
condition
RBC/WBC count - ANS A needle smaller than 22 gauge can cause hemolysis. What results would be
lower than normal?
Blood bank storage - ANS Purpose of using a red top vacutainer
Serum - ANS Specimen type of tiger top/gold top vacutainer
Clotting factors - ANS Target of light blue vacutainer
,Sodium citrate anticoagulant - ANS Chemical in light blue vacutainers
Plasma; CBC - ANS What is the specimen type of lavender vacutainers? What test can be ordered?
Trace Metals - ANS Target of royal blue vacutainers
Glucose - ANS Target of gray vacutainers
Lactate, creatinine, potassium, WBC count - ANS What all is increased by strenuous exercise and may
affect a blood sample?
Emotional stress - ANS What may falsely increase WBC count?
Lowers WBC, RBC, and platelet count - ANS What affect does clotting have on specimen?
Serum potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase - ANS What
components will be elevated when specimen is hemolyzed?
Clerical - ANS What type of error is more likely to cause incorrect results? Clerical or technical
Muscle Mass - ANS Relative factor of GFR value
>20:1 - ANS Prerenal BUN:Cr ratio
10-20:1 - ANS Normal or postrenal BUN:Cr ratio
,<10:1 - ANS Intrarenal BUN:Cr ratio
Decreased blood flow to kidneys - ANS FeNA <1% indicates _____
Renal damage - ANS FeNA 1-4% indicates ____
Urinary tract obstruction - ANS FeNA >4% indicates ______
Conjugated bilirubin - ANS Dark amber urine indicates ______
Intact RBCs - ANS Cloudy pink/red urine indicates ______
Hemoglobin/myoglobin - ANS Clear pink/red urine indicates ______
Melanin; metastatic malignant melanoma - ANS Black urine has ______ and indicates ________
Cystitis or excretion of rifampin antibiotic - ANS Dark orange Clear urine indicates ______ or _____
6-6.5 - ANS Desirable pH range of urine
UTI, vomiting, Metabolic Alkalosis, Certain antibiotics - ANS 4 Causes of persistent alkaline urine (pH 7-8)
Metabolic acidosis, DM, starvation, diarrhea, certain drugs - ANS 4 causes of persistent acidic urine (pH
5-6)
, 30-150mg - ANS Range for microalbuminuria
>150mg - ANS Range for proteinuria
Dehydration, emotional stress, fever, orthostatic proteinuria, seizures - ANS 5 causes of transient
proteinuria
Pre-renal proteinuria - ANS High protein concentration in urine caused by plasma cell malignancy
Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, DM, pre-eclampsia - ANS 4 renal causes of proteinuria
Pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis - ANS 4 causes of post renal proteinuria
Dilute or acidic urine - ANS What characteristics can give false negatives of proteinuria?
Medication, contamination, alkaline urine - ANS What characteristics can cause a false positive for
proteinuria
Glucosuria - ANS DM, pregnancy, Cushing's Syndrome, Liver/pancreatic disease, and impaired tubular
reabsorption can cause ______
DKA, low carb intake, vomiting/diarrhea - ANS Causes of positive ketone result in urinalysis
Burns, exercise, cystitis, trauma, renal lithiasis - ANS Causes of hemoglobinuria
MI or crushing injuries - ANS Causes of myoglobinurina
1-3 Days - ANS Lab turnaround time for routine tests
1-2 hours - ANS Lab turnaround time for priority tests
30-60 minutes - ANS Lab turnaround time for STAT tests
Quality control and training - ANS What are the challenges of point of care testing?
Critical Lab Value - ANS Any test result that may require rapid clinical attention to avert significant
patient morbidity or mortality and prompts verbal notification of test results to Pt
Specificity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly exclude individuals who do not have a given disease or
condition
Sensitivity - ANS The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have a given disease or
condition
RBC/WBC count - ANS A needle smaller than 22 gauge can cause hemolysis. What results would be
lower than normal?
Blood bank storage - ANS Purpose of using a red top vacutainer
Serum - ANS Specimen type of tiger top/gold top vacutainer
Clotting factors - ANS Target of light blue vacutainer
,Sodium citrate anticoagulant - ANS Chemical in light blue vacutainers
Plasma; CBC - ANS What is the specimen type of lavender vacutainers? What test can be ordered?
Trace Metals - ANS Target of royal blue vacutainers
Glucose - ANS Target of gray vacutainers
Lactate, creatinine, potassium, WBC count - ANS What all is increased by strenuous exercise and may
affect a blood sample?
Emotional stress - ANS What may falsely increase WBC count?
Lowers WBC, RBC, and platelet count - ANS What affect does clotting have on specimen?
Serum potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase - ANS What
components will be elevated when specimen is hemolyzed?
Clerical - ANS What type of error is more likely to cause incorrect results? Clerical or technical
Muscle Mass - ANS Relative factor of GFR value
>20:1 - ANS Prerenal BUN:Cr ratio
10-20:1 - ANS Normal or postrenal BUN:Cr ratio
,<10:1 - ANS Intrarenal BUN:Cr ratio
Decreased blood flow to kidneys - ANS FeNA <1% indicates _____
Renal damage - ANS FeNA 1-4% indicates ____
Urinary tract obstruction - ANS FeNA >4% indicates ______
Conjugated bilirubin - ANS Dark amber urine indicates ______
Intact RBCs - ANS Cloudy pink/red urine indicates ______
Hemoglobin/myoglobin - ANS Clear pink/red urine indicates ______
Melanin; metastatic malignant melanoma - ANS Black urine has ______ and indicates ________
Cystitis or excretion of rifampin antibiotic - ANS Dark orange Clear urine indicates ______ or _____
6-6.5 - ANS Desirable pH range of urine
UTI, vomiting, Metabolic Alkalosis, Certain antibiotics - ANS 4 Causes of persistent alkaline urine (pH 7-8)
Metabolic acidosis, DM, starvation, diarrhea, certain drugs - ANS 4 causes of persistent acidic urine (pH
5-6)
, 30-150mg - ANS Range for microalbuminuria
>150mg - ANS Range for proteinuria
Dehydration, emotional stress, fever, orthostatic proteinuria, seizures - ANS 5 causes of transient
proteinuria
Pre-renal proteinuria - ANS High protein concentration in urine caused by plasma cell malignancy
Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, DM, pre-eclampsia - ANS 4 renal causes of proteinuria
Pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis - ANS 4 causes of post renal proteinuria
Dilute or acidic urine - ANS What characteristics can give false negatives of proteinuria?
Medication, contamination, alkaline urine - ANS What characteristics can cause a false positive for
proteinuria
Glucosuria - ANS DM, pregnancy, Cushing's Syndrome, Liver/pancreatic disease, and impaired tubular
reabsorption can cause ______
DKA, low carb intake, vomiting/diarrhea - ANS Causes of positive ketone result in urinalysis
Burns, exercise, cystitis, trauma, renal lithiasis - ANS Causes of hemoglobinuria
MI or crushing injuries - ANS Causes of myoglobinurina
