Bios 252: Exam 2 Review
1. Abducens Nerve (VI) - ANS-Lateral eye movement (motor)
2. Accessory Nerve (XI) - ANS-swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements (motor)
3. Anterior Horn - ANS-Somatic motor neurons whose axons exit the cord via ventral roots
4. Arachnoid Mater - ANS-Middle layer of the meninges
5. Ascending Pathway of spinal cord - ANS-Carries signals to the brain
6. Brainstem - ANS-The oldest part and central core of the brain, responsible for automatic
survival functions.
7. Cerebellum - ANS-A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
(Balance and coordination)
8. Cerebrum - ANS-Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity,
vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
9. Corpus Callosum - ANS-A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
10. Damage of what cranial nerve will effect digestion, urination, and defecation? -
ANS-Vagus Nerve (X)
11. Define the term spinal reflex, explain organization of a simple stretch reflex, and use
patella reflex as an example. - ANS-Spinal reflex is an involuntary reflex that occurs
within the spinal cord. Stretch reflex: when a muscle is stretched, it "fights back" and
contracts. (Monosynaptic: One synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons)
12. Descending Pathway of spinal cord - ANS-Carries signals to and from the brain
13. Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System - ANS-Sympathetic and parasympathetic
14. Dorsal Root Ganglion - ANS-A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of
afferent spinal nerve neurons
15. Dura Mater - ANS-Outermost layer of the meninges
16. Explain language: include description of two major languages of the brain and where
they're located. What do they accomplish? - ANS-The two major language centers of the
brain are the Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the left
hemisphere of the frontal lobe and controls speech production. Wernicke's area is also
located in the left hemisphere, but on the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus
of the brain. Wernicke's area works to comprehend speech.
17. Facial Nerve (VII) - ANS-
18. Frontal Lobe - ANS-The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
19. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) - ANS-a cranial nerve that manages both sensory and
motor functions in the throat
20. Gray Mater - ANS-the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of
nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites. (unmyelinated)
21. How does the left and right hemispheres of the brain connect? - ANS-Corpus Callosum
22. Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) - ANS-motor: muscles of the tongue
1. Abducens Nerve (VI) - ANS-Lateral eye movement (motor)
2. Accessory Nerve (XI) - ANS-swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements (motor)
3. Anterior Horn - ANS-Somatic motor neurons whose axons exit the cord via ventral roots
4. Arachnoid Mater - ANS-Middle layer of the meninges
5. Ascending Pathway of spinal cord - ANS-Carries signals to the brain
6. Brainstem - ANS-The oldest part and central core of the brain, responsible for automatic
survival functions.
7. Cerebellum - ANS-A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
(Balance and coordination)
8. Cerebrum - ANS-Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity,
vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
9. Corpus Callosum - ANS-A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
10. Damage of what cranial nerve will effect digestion, urination, and defecation? -
ANS-Vagus Nerve (X)
11. Define the term spinal reflex, explain organization of a simple stretch reflex, and use
patella reflex as an example. - ANS-Spinal reflex is an involuntary reflex that occurs
within the spinal cord. Stretch reflex: when a muscle is stretched, it "fights back" and
contracts. (Monosynaptic: One synapse between the afferent and efferent neurons)
12. Descending Pathway of spinal cord - ANS-Carries signals to and from the brain
13. Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System - ANS-Sympathetic and parasympathetic
14. Dorsal Root Ganglion - ANS-A nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of
afferent spinal nerve neurons
15. Dura Mater - ANS-Outermost layer of the meninges
16. Explain language: include description of two major languages of the brain and where
they're located. What do they accomplish? - ANS-The two major language centers of the
brain are the Broca's area and Wernicke's area. Broca's area is located in the left
hemisphere of the frontal lobe and controls speech production. Wernicke's area is also
located in the left hemisphere, but on the posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus
of the brain. Wernicke's area works to comprehend speech.
17. Facial Nerve (VII) - ANS-
18. Frontal Lobe - ANS-The lobe at the front of the brain associated with movement, speech,
and impulsive behavior.
19. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) - ANS-a cranial nerve that manages both sensory and
motor functions in the throat
20. Gray Mater - ANS-the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of
nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites. (unmyelinated)
21. How does the left and right hemispheres of the brain connect? - ANS-Corpus Callosum
22. Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) - ANS-motor: muscles of the tongue
