Oceanography-100 SDSU Exam 2
(SacramentoGrilo)/Questions and
Solutions
The Water molecule and basic atomic structure? - -2 positive end hydrogen
and one negative end oxygen
- what makes up the water molecule, the charges, the bond angle? - -H end-
positive charge
O end- negative charge
looks like a mickey mouse head
- What's so peculiar about this molecule? - -The fact that is has hydrogen
bonds which are independent of the covalent bonds as well as it being a
polar molcule H-
- The kinds of bonds in the water molecule? The kinds of bonds connecting
all the water molecules together to form liquid? - -In the water molecule
there are covalent bonds, but in order for water molecules to be connected
together they have hydrogen bonds
- What do these bonds lead to? (important features of water...) - -These
bonds lead to the intermolecular bonds that allows cohesion to be create
surface tension
- Polarity - why is water a polar molecule? What do we call water as a result
and why? - -Water is a polar molecule because it had a positive end and a
negative end and because of this we call it the universal solvent
- What happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - -It will dissolve
- What are the 3 phases of water and how does one get changed to another?
- -Ice- Molecules are locked into place (all molecules connected by hydrogen
bonds)
Water- most molecules connected (most connected by hydrogen bonds)
Vapor- independent molecules ()
- what is the heat capacity of water? - -very high because oceans absorb
and release huge amounts of heat with little change in temperature
- What is the heat capacity of sand? - -lower heat capacity because it takes
less heat to raise it's temperature
, - How does Salinity and Temp affect Density? - -Temperature decreases -
Density increases
Salinity increases - Density increases (because there is more mass)
- What is the ocean's influence on coastal climates? - -oceans moderate the
temperature along the coasts making it much cooler than inland
- What is density? - -mass/volume
- What happens to warm brackish water - thermal expansion? - -thermal
expansion becomes less dense
- What's the temp of the max density of water? - -4*C (1g/cm3)
- What happens at the equator? - -The sun warms the Earth, which transfers
heat to the air above, causing it to rise. This creates a low pressure belt with
rising air, clouds and rain.
- Why exactly does ice float on water? - -ice is less dense
- How does the density of water change with freezing? - -it becomes less
dense
- What happens to cold, salty water - thermal contraction? - -It's denser
from the salt and it also contracts because it's cold so it's even denser
- Salinity - -Total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water h
- Application: the salinity of the Mediterranean, the history of the
Mediterranean basin... salinity of the Baltic Sea... - -the mediterranean sea
dried up 6 mill. years ago and we know this because there are layers of solid
rock salt found underneath the layers of sediment and it dried up because
techtonics closed the ocean basin; the latitude is around 30* and the salinity
overall is higher than 35 per mil.
- Polar Latitudes - -low salinity, high precipitation, low evaporation, river run
off, melting icebergs
- Subtropical Latitudes (30*) - -high salinity, high evaporation, low
precipitation, low runoff
- Equator - -salinity in beween, high evaporation and precipitaiton
- what are the evaporation latitudes and the precipitation latitudes? - -
precipitation at its peak at the equator
(SacramentoGrilo)/Questions and
Solutions
The Water molecule and basic atomic structure? - -2 positive end hydrogen
and one negative end oxygen
- what makes up the water molecule, the charges, the bond angle? - -H end-
positive charge
O end- negative charge
looks like a mickey mouse head
- What's so peculiar about this molecule? - -The fact that is has hydrogen
bonds which are independent of the covalent bonds as well as it being a
polar molcule H-
- The kinds of bonds in the water molecule? The kinds of bonds connecting
all the water molecules together to form liquid? - -In the water molecule
there are covalent bonds, but in order for water molecules to be connected
together they have hydrogen bonds
- What do these bonds lead to? (important features of water...) - -These
bonds lead to the intermolecular bonds that allows cohesion to be create
surface tension
- Polarity - why is water a polar molecule? What do we call water as a result
and why? - -Water is a polar molecule because it had a positive end and a
negative end and because of this we call it the universal solvent
- What happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - -It will dissolve
- What are the 3 phases of water and how does one get changed to another?
- -Ice- Molecules are locked into place (all molecules connected by hydrogen
bonds)
Water- most molecules connected (most connected by hydrogen bonds)
Vapor- independent molecules ()
- what is the heat capacity of water? - -very high because oceans absorb
and release huge amounts of heat with little change in temperature
- What is the heat capacity of sand? - -lower heat capacity because it takes
less heat to raise it's temperature
, - How does Salinity and Temp affect Density? - -Temperature decreases -
Density increases
Salinity increases - Density increases (because there is more mass)
- What is the ocean's influence on coastal climates? - -oceans moderate the
temperature along the coasts making it much cooler than inland
- What is density? - -mass/volume
- What happens to warm brackish water - thermal expansion? - -thermal
expansion becomes less dense
- What's the temp of the max density of water? - -4*C (1g/cm3)
- What happens at the equator? - -The sun warms the Earth, which transfers
heat to the air above, causing it to rise. This creates a low pressure belt with
rising air, clouds and rain.
- Why exactly does ice float on water? - -ice is less dense
- How does the density of water change with freezing? - -it becomes less
dense
- What happens to cold, salty water - thermal contraction? - -It's denser
from the salt and it also contracts because it's cold so it's even denser
- Salinity - -Total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water h
- Application: the salinity of the Mediterranean, the history of the
Mediterranean basin... salinity of the Baltic Sea... - -the mediterranean sea
dried up 6 mill. years ago and we know this because there are layers of solid
rock salt found underneath the layers of sediment and it dried up because
techtonics closed the ocean basin; the latitude is around 30* and the salinity
overall is higher than 35 per mil.
- Polar Latitudes - -low salinity, high precipitation, low evaporation, river run
off, melting icebergs
- Subtropical Latitudes (30*) - -high salinity, high evaporation, low
precipitation, low runoff
- Equator - -salinity in beween, high evaporation and precipitaiton
- what are the evaporation latitudes and the precipitation latitudes? - -
precipitation at its peak at the equator
