Science Olympiad Heredity UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- what an organism looks like as a consequence of its
genotype
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged
in pairs
dihybrid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two
genes of interest. A dihybrid results from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for
different alleles. For example, parents of genotype AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of
genotype AaBb.
monohybrid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a
single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for
different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a
monohybrid of genotype Aa.
nondisjunction disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- this type of disorder is characterized by
meiotic nondisjunction leads to one too many/one too few chromosomes and leads to
trisomic/monosomic individuals
the lower the number, larger the chromosome
1-12 individual dies if missing/extra
XXX, XXY, XYY cognitive impairments
XO Turner syndrome - sterile female
OY nonviable - death
trisomy 21 - Down syndrome
, meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells
in sexually reproducing organisms
gamate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A sex cell (sperm, eggs)
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes
co-dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- situation in which both alleles of a gene
contribute to the phenotype of the organism
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- situation in which one allele is not
completely dominant over another
monosomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence
of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
Trisomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more
than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
pedigrees - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a chart that shows a trait in a family and how it is
inherited
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- term used to refer to an organism that has two
different alleles for the same trait
punnett square - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a chart that shows all the possible combinations
of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
gene - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a unit of inherited information in a cell's DNA.
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- what an organism looks like as a consequence of its
genotype
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged
in pairs
dihybrid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two
genes of interest. A dihybrid results from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for
different alleles. For example, parents of genotype AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of
genotype AaBb.
monohybrid - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a
single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for
different alleles are monohybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AA and aa produce a
monohybrid of genotype Aa.
nondisjunction disorder - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- this type of disorder is characterized by
meiotic nondisjunction leads to one too many/one too few chromosomes and leads to
trisomic/monosomic individuals
the lower the number, larger the chromosome
1-12 individual dies if missing/extra
XXX, XXY, XYY cognitive impairments
XO Turner syndrome - sterile female
OY nonviable - death
trisomy 21 - Down syndrome
, meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells
in sexually reproducing organisms
gamate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A sex cell (sperm, eggs)
mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes
co-dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- situation in which both alleles of a gene
contribute to the phenotype of the organism
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- situation in which one allele is not
completely dominant over another
monosomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence
of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
Trisomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more
than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
pedigrees - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a chart that shows a trait in a family and how it is
inherited
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- term used to refer to an organism that has two
different alleles for the same trait
punnett square - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a chart that shows all the possible combinations
of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
gene - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- a unit of inherited information in a cell's DNA.
